高考英语重点词汇辨析—动词

动词部分1．accuse/chargeaccuse和charge都有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用，但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行，其结构为accusesbofsth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行，其结构为chargesbwithsth，此结构还有“使某人负有……责任”之意。Myfatheraccusedmeofmybeingtoocareless.父亲责备我太粗心。Heaccusedmeofneglectingmyduty.他指控我玩忽职守。Hechargedmewithneglectingmyduty.他指控我玩忽职守。Jimmywaschargedwithmurder.吉米被控谋杀。Hewaschargedwithanimportanttask.他担负有一项重要任务。2．add/addto/addup/adduptoadd：增加，把……加上。add…to…：把……加到。Attheendoftheparty,weaddedanotherprogram.Youneedn’taddanywatertothemedicine.addto：增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。Hiscomingaddedtoourtrouble.他的到来给我们添了麻烦。addup：加起来。Haveyouaddedupallthenumbers?addupto：总计。表示加起来的结果，无被动结构。Allthenumbersaddedupto100.3．advise/suggestadvise：建议，劝说。Iadvised(his)tryingagain.(=suggest)Iadvisedthatwe(should)tryagain.(=suggest，虚拟语气。)Iadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking.Iadvisedhimnottosmoke.CouldyouadviseusonhowtolearnEnglish?CouldyougiveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish?suggest：建议，表明，暗示。Wesuggesthavingameetingatonce.(=advise)Wesuggestthatameeting(should)beheldatonce.(=advise，虚拟语气。Hispalefacesuggeststhatheisinpoorhealth.他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。4．agreewith/agreeto/agreeonagreewith：同意，赞成后接“人”或what从句作宾语；适合，适应；一致。Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.Nobodyagreedwithwhathehadsaidatthemeeting.Theweatherheredoesn’tagreewithmostofus.这里的天气我们多数人不适应。3：Yourwordsdonotagreewithyouractions.你的言行不一。agreeto：同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。Johncan’tagreetoJoe’sidea.agreeon：对……达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。FinallyJohnandJoeagreedontheplan.5．allow/permit/let/promiseallow：允许，许可。指听任或默许，也可用来表示客气的请求。Whoallowedyoutoleavethecamp？Smokingisnotallowedhere.Pleaseallowmetointroducemyselftoyou.permit：允许，许可。通常指正式的许可。Hedeclaredthathewouldpermitmetodoso.allow和permit的含义虽然有所差别，但实际运用中两者常通用。let：允许，让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。Don’tletthishappenagain.Thisisnotallowedtohappenagain.不说：Thisisnotlettohappenagain.promise：答应，允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。Theypromisedanimmediatereply.Hepromisedtostartatonce.Ipromisedhimtoseetothematterrightaway.(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式toseeto是主语I发出的。)6．announce/declareannounce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。Thegovernmentannouncedthatthedangerwaspast.ItwasannouncedthatthenationalscienceconferencewouldsoonbeheldinBeijing.另外，要表达“向某人宣布某事”，应用announcetosbsth。后接tosb的动词还有say，explain等。Heannouncedtousthenewsandthensaidtous,“Nowletmeexplaintoyouindetails.”他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”declare：宣布，声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。Thechairmandeclaredtheexhibitionopen.主席宣布展览会开幕。7．answer/replyanswer：回答，回应。“Tom!”Nooneanswered.Pleaseanswerthedoor-bell.请去开门。Heansweredthatheknewnothingaboutit．Noonewasabletoanswerhimaword．reply：回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后需接to再接宾语；作及物动词时，后直接接that从句或what从句，或用于倒装句。Herepliedtome,“Ineedtheanswertotheexercise.”Herepliedthathewouldnotgo．Notaworddidshereply．她一句话也不应。answer当名词用时，与reply一样，要接to。Hemadenoanswer/replytohisquestions.8．appear/look/seemappear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。Thiskindofapplesappearsgood,butinfactittastessour.这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。seem：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。Youseemtohavemadethesamemistakeagainthistime.你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。Itseemsthatitisgoingtorainsoon.look：好像。表示凭感觉做出的判断。What’swrongwithyou?Youlookpale.Itlookslikerain.看来要下雨了。9．argue/quarrelargue：辩论，争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张，着重说理。如：Whatareyouarguingabout？Iarguedwithhimthewholeday.quarrel：争论，争吵，吵架。It’sunwisetoquarrelwithyourbossaboutthat.为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。10．arrive/reach/getarrive，reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用，它和reach是比较正式的用语；reach是及物动词；get通常与介词to连用，在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词如here,there,home等时，不用介词。reach和arriveat还有“达成协议，做出决定”的意思。Whenwearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.Atfive,theyarrivedinBeijing.Theletterdidn’treachmeuntilyesterday.Atwhattimedidyougettothepostoffice?Thetwosidesfailedtoreach/arriveatanagreementafterseveralhours’discussion.几个小时的讨论后，双方还是没能达成一致意见。11．ask/inquire/questionask：问asksbsth或asksthofsb；请求asksbtodosth；要，索取askforsth。MayIaskyousomequestions?Whydidheaskyoutocomeagain?Didheaskforanything?inquire：问，询问。它与ask同义，但是比较正式的用语；与into连用时，表示“查究，调查”的意思。Ihaveinquiredofhimwhetherhecouldhelpme.我已经问过他能否帮我。Wemustinquireintothematter.＝lookinto，我们必须调查此事。question：提问，质问，审问，怀疑。Atfirstthegirlsreadachapterfromtheirbooks,andthentheteacherbegantoquestionthem.Iquestionwhetherhewasoncequestionedbythepolice.我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。12．beabouttodosth/betodosthbeabouttodo：即将，正要做……。不加任何时间短语。Wewereabouttostartwhensuddenlyitbegantorain.betodo：计划，约定；应该。Wearetostarttomorrow.Whatistobedonenext？下一步做什么？13．becarefulof/becarefulwithbecarefulof：小心，当心，留神，注意。Thepublicwerewarnedtobecarefulofrats.公众被警告要当心老鼠。becarefulwith：细心，注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。You’dbetterbecarefulwithyourwork/pronunciation.你得注意你的工作/发音。14．befamiliarwith/befamiliartobefamiliarwith：对……熟悉。Mostofusarefamiliarwiththepopstar.Johnwasveryfamiliarwiththiskindofsituation.befamiliarto：对……来说是熟悉的；为……所熟知。Thepopstarisfamiliartomostofus.ThiskindofsituationwasalltoofamiliartoJohn.(=veryfamiliar)15．beknownfor/beknownas/beknowntobeknownfor：因……而出名。Ourtownisknownforitsstones.beknownas：作为……而出名。Thetownisknownasastonetown.beknownto：被……知晓，了解。Thehotspringcityisknowntoeveryoneofthem.16．bemadeof(from/outof)/bemadeinto/bemadeup/bemadeupofbemadeof：由……制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。Thedeskismadeofwood.bemadefrom：由……制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。Paperismadefromwood.bemadeoutof：由……制成。Thedesk/Pa