被动语态讲解

被动语态专项讲练Thepassivevoice被动语态被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。各种句型的被动形式肯定句主语+be+过去分词+（by…）否定句主语+benot+过去分词+（by…）一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by…）？注意：这里be的形式决定了被动语态的时态，其后的过去分词没有变化。重点内容主动句与被动句之间的转换Weboughtsomebooks.主语+谓语动词过去式的主动语态+宾语Somebookswerebought(byus)主语+谓语动词过去式的被动语态+介词+宾语将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句变为主动句：1)ZhengJieinventedthisspecialpen.变被动句2)ThebikewasfixedupbyJimmy.变主动句3)Peopleusesunglassestoprotecttheireyes.4)Teachersallowstudentstoputuphandsinclass.ThisspecialpenwasinventedZhengJie.JimmyfixedupthebikeSunglassesareused(bypeople)toprotecteyes.Studentsareallowed(byteachers)toputuphandsinclass.1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词↘Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.4．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.1Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2Knivesareusedbypeopleforcuttingthings.3Theboxcanbeusedbyusasatable.4Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.5Thebikewillberepairedbyhertomorrow..Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词1.Lucyiswateringthetrees.ThetreesarebeingwateredbyLucy.2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：情态动词：现在进行时：过去进行时现在完成时：过去完成时：S+am/is/are+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+was/were+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+done各种时态的被动语态构成S+am/is/are+being+过去分词S+had+been+done主动语态变被动语态的步骤（宾主换，谓被动）1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by引出，当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。①英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Catseatfish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fishiseatenbycats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。②被动语态的构成由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。各种句型的被动形式肯定句主语+be+过去分词+（by…）否定句主语+benot+过去分词+（by…）一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by…）？注意：这里be的形式决定了被动语态的时态，其后的过去分词没有变化。重点内容各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：情态动词：现在进行时：过去进行时现在完成时：过去完成时：S+am/is/are+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+was/were+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+done各种时态的被动语态构成S+am/is/are+being+过去分词S+had+been+doneExercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.1Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2Knivesareusedbypeopleforcuttingthings.3Theboxcanbeusedbyusasatable.4Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.5Thebikewillberepairedbyhertomorrow..被动语态的句式：肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词否定句:主语+情态动词+not+be+动词的过去分词一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+动词的过去分词？Yes,主语+情；No,主语+情+not肯定句:Yourhomeworkshouldbefinishedbyyourself.Itcanbeusedforwriting.否定句：Bookscan’tbetakenoutofthereadingroom.Teenagersshouldnotbeallowedtogooutatnight.疑问句:Shouldyoungtreesbewateredeveryday?Wherecanthebookbebought?反意疑问句：Sixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes,shouldn’tthey?使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1.主动语态不带to的变为被动语态，须加上“to”hear、listentomake、let、have、watch、see,lookat,notice、feel、help,等。例：makesbdosth→sb+be+madetodosthseesbdosth→sb+be+seentodosthAgirlsawTomfalloffthetree.→Tomwasseentofalloffthetreebyagirl.Thebossmadetheworkersworkhard.?Theworkersweremadetoworkhard.2.“双宾语”改被动语态，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词.(这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定)pass、bring、buy、show、send、give、cook等。把指“人”的间接宾语变主语，“物”不变。Hegavemeabook.→变直接宾语加to.变间接宾语不加Iwasgivenabook(byhim).Abookwasgiventome(byhim).Heshowedmeaticket.→Iwasshownaticket(byhim).Aticketwasshowntome(byhim).Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Iwasboughtanewbike(bymyfather).Anewbikewasboughtforme(bymyfather).5.什么时候不加by注意：1)不知道谁是执行者eg:Hisnewcarwasstolen.2)情调动作的承受着而不是执行者eg:Thecarwasparkedinfrontofthisshop.3)礼貌及委婉语气eg:Al