行业协会标准化中限制竞争行为的反垄断法规制

上海交通大学硕士学位论文行业协会标准化中限制竞争行为的反垄断法规制姓名：代莹申请学位级别：硕士专业：经济法学指导教师：王先林200812162200922320092220092245ONTHEREGULATIONOFINDUSTRIALASSOCIATIONS’RESTRICTIVEPRACTICESINSTANDARDIZATIONONANTI-MONOPOLYLAWABSTRACTForremedyingthedefectsofmarketandgovernmentmanyorganizationsofself-governmentsuchastradeassociationshavebeenplayingmoreandmoreimportantroleasthethirdforceforthesocialeconomy’sdevelopment.Standardsandcertificationsareposedimportantlyofmodernmarketcompetition,andareessentialforspecificindustryandproductsenteringthemarket.Enterprisesinthesameindustrytofindagoodtradeorderand,thedevelopmentoftheindustryenvironment,andthecommoninterestsofthecollectiveprotectionneeds,willtransfertheauthorityofsettingupindustrystandardsandcertificationvoluntarilytoindustryassociationsthroughcontracts.Andtradeassociationsestablishapubliccompetitionplatformwhichenterprisescanbe“publicgoods”toenterthemarketthroughstandardizationactivities.Fromtheperspectiveofcompetitionlaw,trade6associationsandstandardizedbehaviorisa“double-edgedsword”.Fromoneside,itmakesgoodeffectinpromotingcompetitioninthemarket,whileontheotherside,itusesitscorporatemembersthroughitsfunctionaladvantagesoflimitingfreecompetitiondirectlyorindirectlydamagesconsumers’interestsasmanycountriesantimonopolylawsandregulationsofthetarget.China’smarketeconomyisinacrucialperiodofdevelopmentandthegradualtransformationofgovernmentfunctionstothefunctionsoftradeassociationswillmakeindustryassociationsbearincreasinglymoreindustrystandardsandcertification.In-depthstudyofitsstandardization,especiallythestudyoftradeassociations’standardizationactivitiesinarestrictionofcompetitionandhinderingthestudyofChina’ssocialistmarketeconomyandhealthydevelopmenthasaprofoundpracticalsignificance.KEYWORDS:standardsandcertification,tradeassociations,behaviorrestrictingcompetition,antitrustlaw820023WTO91.2.()()3.104.1.198812291989412.199046533.1990723124.20078302008811.MilkandIeeCreamCanInstituteV.F.T.C.152F.Zd478;1946U.S.APP.()2.JeraldAJacobsAssociationLawHandbook.Seconded.TheBureauofNationalAffairs,Inc.WashingtonD.C.198624.()3.Erie.A.Posner.TheregulationofGroupstheinfluenceoflegalandnonlegalsanctionscollectiveaction.63u.chi.Rev.133.()4.JoseF.BradlLey.theroleoftradeassociationandprofessionalbusinesssocietiesinAmerica.90.()1.112.3.4.121.NOKIAALCATELHomePlugPowerLineAlliance2.1(ISO)(STACO)1991ISOIEC2(19916)12003279132ISOIEC3.31234governmentstandardsettingorganizations)(dejurestandards)(defactostandards)5671983GB39358GB3935.1-1996:22005183(defactostandards)23(dejurestandards)520052461995527197281990723149?1.92004115DCDC2.()(MicrosoftWindows)Lock-InQWERYT101937QWERTYQWERTYQWERTYQWERTY1927Hellmich11WPS10QWERTY19QWERTYChristopherSholes11WTO20058116Lock-In6:19:WTO2500109000400121220046ISO9994-2002S/T0761-19972/3ISO/TC61()150/100/ISO/TC61117200571319971997619981199914200561.1:15132005101420039152006218Windows98Windows2000XP232.12319201.MilkandIceCreamCanInstitutev.FederalTradeCommission194616ShermanActof189017MilkandIceCreamCanInstituteMICCIFTCMICCIceaseanddesistorderMICCIMICCI16MilkandIceCreamCanInstitutev.FederalTradeCommission,152F.2d478(7thCir.1946)U.S.APP.171890ShermanAct70leadingcaseNorthernPacificRailwayCo.v.UnitedStates(1911)SeeNorthernPacificRailwayCo.v.UnitedStates,221U.S.1(1911).SeealsoNorthernPacificRailwayCo.v.UnitedStates,336U.S.1(1958).212.TagManufacturersInstitutev.FederalTradeCommission194918TagManufacturersInstitutev.FederalTradeCommission1949C-O-TwoFireEquipmentCo.v.UnitedStates195219()NationalMacaroniManufacturersAssociation18TagManufacturesInstitutev.FederalTradeCommittee,174F.2d452(1stCir.1949).19C-O-TwoFireEquipmentCo.v.UnitedStates(9thCir.1952)197F.2d489,cert,den.(1952)344U.S.892(mereparallelactivitybycompetitorsdoesnotconstituteillegalagreementtorestraintradeabsentconductinconsistentwithbestinterestsofcompetitorsconsideredindependently).22v.FederalTradeCommission(1965)20NationalMacaroniManufacturersAssociation(NMMA)21macaroniindustry2470%19591961(durumwheat/macaroniwheat)50%50%(HardWheat)FTCNMMApricefixingNMMA1.ConsolidatedMetalProducts,Inc.v.AmericanPetroleumInstitute22ConsolidatedMetalProducts,Inc.v.AmericanPetroleumInstituteAmericanPetroleumInstitute,APIAPIConsolidatedMetalProducts,Inc.(CMP)APIAPIAPICMPAPICMPAPICMPAPIAPIAPICMPCMP20NationalMacaroniManufacturersAss’nv.FTC,345F.2d421(7thCir.1965).2005151211848201904NationalMacaroniManufacturersAssociation(NMMA)1919MacaroniJournalNewDealMacaroniCode19341981NMMANationalPastaAssociation(NPA)NPASeeNationalPastaAssociationWebsite)26AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,Inc.,ASME279000ASME23ProductStandardization:AvoidingAntitrustScrutiny[EB/OL].