英国文学简史-(刘炳善著-河南人民出版社)笔记part3-4

PartthreetheperiodoftheEnglishbourgeoisrevolutionChaper1theEnglishrevolutionandtheReatoration1theweakeningofthetiebetweenmonarchyandbourgeoise2theclashesbetweenthekingandparliament3theoutburstoftheEnglishrevolution:4thesplitwiththerevolutioncamp5thebourgeoisdictatorshipandtherestoration6thereligiouscloakoftheEnglishrevolution:Alsocalledthepuritanrevolution.Puritanismisthereligiousdoctrine7literatureoftherevolutionperiodChapter2JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）①Epics:ParadiseLost失乐园:writteninblankverseInthepoemgodisnobetterthanadespot.Godiscruelandunjust.AdamandEveembodyMilton'sbelifeinthepowersofman.Thedesriptionofhell,Satanistherealheroofthepoem.SatanisthespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod.ParadiseRegained复乐园②Dramaticpoem:SamsonAgonistes力士参孙:Apoeticaldrama.③Areopagitica论出版自由:asadeclarationofpeople'sfreedomofthepress,hasbeenaweaponinthelaterdemocraticrevulotionstruggles.TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople为英国人民声辩:asthespokesmanoftherevolution.④OnHisBlindness我的失明Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.Milton:1hewasapoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.HewasamilitantpamphleteeroftheEnglishRevolution,andthegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetin17thcentury2wrotethegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.HeandShakespearehavealwaysbeenregardedastwopatternsofEnglishverse3hefirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks.Inparadiselost,heacquiresanabsolutemasteryoftheblankverse.4heisagreatstylist,grandstyle.5hissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression.Chapter3JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)①ReligionaryAllegory:ThePilgrim’sProgress天路历程Chapter4metaphysicalpoetsandCavalierpoetsBesidesMiltonandBunyan,otherpoetsandwriterswhoseworksexpressquitedifferentideasandsentiments.TheyarecalledmetapysicalsbySamuelJohnson1JohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗)：（用语）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主题：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论①Meditations沉思录TheFlea虱子②SongsAndSonnetsHolySonnets③Valediction:ForbiddingMourning2GeorgeHerbertThesaintofthemetaphysicalschoolSingthegloryofGodAltar3AndrewMarvellApuritanTohiscoymistress4HenryVaughanandRichardCrashaw:TworeligiospoetsCapter5someprose-writersRobertBurton:Masterpiece:theAnatomyofMelancholyThomasBrowme:ReligioMediciJeremyTaylor:HolyLivingHolyDyingIzaakWalton:TheCompleatAngkerChapter6Restorationliterature1restorationcomedy:Therestorationcomedyisnotoriousforitslicentiousness,beingfullofloveintrigue,andseductionandpromiscurityJhonDrydenAllForLoveAbsalomandAchitophelEnglishliteratureoftheRestorationperiodwasmodelledontheliteratureofFrancewhereclassicismwasthenprevailing.Accordingtoclassicism,dramaandproseshouldallbecontrolledbysomefixedrules.Part4the18thcenturyArevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyTheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)小说崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)Gothicnovel(哥特式小说)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)Chapter1theenlightenmentandclassicisminEnglishliterature1theenlightenmentand18thcenturyEngland①GloriousRevolutionIndustrialRevolution②theenlightenmentinEurope:anexpressionofstruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism③theEnglishEnlighteners2classicism:TheclassicistsmodelledthemselvesonGreekandLatinauthors,andtrytocontrolliterarycreationbysomefixedlawsandrulesdrawnfromGreekandLatinworks.TheEnglishclassicistsfollowedthesestandardsintheirwritings.ButthebasicdifferencebetweenDrydenandthe18thcenturyenlightenersliesinthefactthattheformerwrotetopleasethedecliningaristocracyduringtheRestorationperiodwhilelatterwrotefortherisingbourgeoisietotidyupthecapitalistsocialorder.Chapter2AddisonandSteele1SteeleandTheTatlerRichardSteele:TheChristianHero（apamphlet）TheTatler(apaper)Thepectator(inconjunctionwithAddison)Theatre2JosephAddisonTheCampaign(apoem)Cato(tragedy)SumupAddison'sandSteele'scontributiontotheEnglishliterature:①theirwritingsaffordanewcodeofsocialmoralityfortherisingbourgeosie②theygiveatruepictureofthesociallifeofEngishin18thcentury③inthehandsofthem,theEnglishessayhadcompletelyestablisheditselfasaliterarygenre.Usingitasaformofcharactersketchingandstory-telling,theyusheredinthedawnofmodernEnglishnovel.Chapter2AlexanderPope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）OneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.①AnEssayonCriticism批评论adiacticpoemArtisticfeatures:1.Using“heroiccouplets”②TheRapeoftheLock卷发遇劫记③MoralEssays道德论EssayonMan人论TheDunciad愚人记poemPopewasanoutstandingenlightenerandthegreatestEnglishpoetofthe