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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 00795自考综合英语二语法知识点
系动词系动词,亦称连系动词(LinkVerb)。作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,亦称补语(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。英语除动词be之外,还有一些动词也可以做系动词,如表示状态或情况的:keep,look,feel,appear,lie,remain,seem,stay,smell,sound,taste等;以及表示变化的:get,grow,turn,fall,run,become,go,等。1.tobe可以加在seem,prove,remain,appear等系动词和其后的名词或形容词之间,但也可以省略。E.g.Thetaskproved(tobe)impossible.E.g.Theyseem(tobe)suchfriendlypeople,buttheyneverrepliedtoourinvitation.注意:在seem,appear等词后,可加其他非tobe不定式,但这时他们不是系动词,而是不及物动词。Courtesy,politeness,goodmanner?Callitwhatyouwill,thesupplyneverseemstoequalthedemand.非人称代词it做句子的形式主语1.代表不定式E.g.Itisabsurdtobeafraidundersuchcircumstances.2.代表动名词E.g.ItisterribletryingtokeepupwiththeJones.3.代表that引导的从句E.g.Itisplaintoeveryonethatshewasoffended.4.代表wh-引导的从句E.g.Aslongashefinisheshiswork,itdoesn’tmatterwhenhecomestotheoffice.做句子的形式宾语1.代表不定式E.g.Theyfounditdifficulttogetalongwithhim.2.代表从句E.g.Ithinkitbestthatyou(should)staywithme.E.g.Hesoonmadeitclearwhyhehadaskedaconference.用来改变句子结构,使句子某一成分得到强调1.强调主语E.g.Itwasshewhoputforwardthesuggestion.2.强调宾语E.g.itisthatpaintingthathehassoldatagoodprofit.3.强调状语E.g.itwasthroughmethathehasgotthepresentjob.强调用so表示强调用so强调听者同意说者所言,这种用法只将so提到句首,其他成分位置不变。E.g.–youhavespilledcoffeeonyourdress.-SoIhave.情态动词+完成式could+have+过去分词有时表示过去的时间,说明某事可能已发生,有时也表示与事实相反,表示本来有能力做某事,但却未做。E.g.Whathappenedintheairportcouldhavebeentrue.might/may+have+过去分词表示对已经发生的情况进行揣测,但语气相当不肯定,表示近乎未实现的行为.E.g.Youmighthavedonetheworkbetter.must+have+过去分词是对发生在过去的一种行为的推测,表示过去必定发生过的事情,语气相当肯定,表示“肯定,一定”。E.g.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.should/oughtto+have+过去分词表示该做而未做到的事,表示“本应”。E.g.Theyshouldhavemadeagoodjobofit.shouldnot/oughtn’tto+have+过去分词表示做了不该做的事,表示“本不应该”。E.g.Youshouldnothavedonesuchthings.can’t(couldn’t)+have+过去分词表示对过去的动作进行否定性推测。意为“肯定没有,肯定不是”。E.g.Thepoemcan’thavebeenwrittenbythelittlegirl;sheisonlyfour.would+have+过去分词经常用于虚拟条件句中,表示与过去事实相反的猜测。E.g.Ifshehadknownaboutit,shewouldhavetalkedaboutit.needn’t+have+过去分词表示不必做的事情却做了,可译为“原本不必”“其实不必”。E.g.Youneedn’thavedoneallthesecalculations.Wehaveacomputertodealwiththatsortofthing.主谓一致知识点一manya,morethanone+单数名词,谓语仍然用单数。E.g.Manyasoldierhassacrificedhislifefortherevolution.知识点二eitherof+复数名词,谓语动词用单数.E.g.Haseitherofyourparentsvisitedyou?知识点三and;bothand连接两个单数形式的名词词组,谓语动词用复数.当主语在意义上指同一人,同一物或同一概念时,谓语用单数.E.g.Aboyandagirlwanttogo.知识点四eachandeach;everyandevery等结构后,谓语用单数.E.g.Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp.知识点五主语后面有aswellas;togetherwith;alongwith;ratherthan等词组,谓语的单复数有主语来决定.E.g.I,togetherwithmymother,wasreadingattenyesterday.oneof+复数名词+关系分句结构如先行词为复数名词,谓语则为复数.当前面有theonly/very等限定词修饰,谓语用单数.E.g.Joanisoneofthosepeoplewhogooutoftheirwaytobehelpful.靠近原则:由notonly...butalso,either...or,neither...nor或or连接的并列主语。通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。E.g.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.由“anumberof,atotalof+复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式;由“thenumberof,thetotalof+复数名词”,谓语动词用单数形式。E.g.Anumberofstudentsarewaitingforthebus.倒装句带有neither,nor,nomore的句子倒装代词neither,nor,nomore用于后面分句句首,且前面分句必须是否定句,这时后面分句不仅用倒装结构,而且时态(包括助动词)必须和前句一致。so被用作句首的分句前面必须是肯定句。E.g.Sheneverlaughed,nordidsheeverlosehertemper.知识点二虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时,were,had和should要移至主语之前。E.g.HadIknownit,Ishouldhavetoldhim.句首为否定词和带有否定意义的词或短语作状语或宾语时,常用部分倒装。常用于这一结构的词语有:little,nowhere,rarely,scarcely,seldom,few,hardly,never,undernocircumstances,onnoaccount,innoway,atnopoint,atnotime,innosense,atno/othertime,bynomeans,barely/hardly/scarcely…when,notuntilmuch/even/stillless,nolonger,notasingleword,notoften,等。带only的句子的倒装only位于句子开头,如果修饰介词短语或状语从句,那么句子应倒装。E.g.Onlybyshoutingatthetopofhisvoicewasheablemakehimselfheard.Only引导的从句位于句首,主语应倒装.E.g.Onlywhenshecamehomedidhelearnthenews.so/such…that结构中的so放在句首时,需要倒装。E.g.Soabsurddidhelookthateveryonestaredathim..E.g.Suchagoodstudentwasshethatalltheteacherslikedher.在as引导的让步状语从句中形容词、名词或副词常移至从句之首,起强调作用。E.g.Tiredashewas,wedecidednottodisturbhim.E.g.Childasthelittlegirlis,sheknowsseveralforeignlanguages.句首为manyatime,tosuchanextent,tosuchadegree,tosuchapoint等状语时,句子需要部分倒装。E.g.Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tgotosleepthatnight.在某些表示祝愿的句子中使用倒装。E.g.Mayyoulivealongandhappylife!介词词组放在句首.E.g.Infrontofthehousestandsatree.强调句型强调句:Itis/was+被强调部分+who/whom/that被强调的主语是人称代词时,既可用主格,也可用宾格.知识点四强调句it和先行词it的区别如果把itis(was)that去掉,剩下的仍能组成完整的句子,就是强调句.E.g.ItisclearthatnotallthestudentslikeEnglish.E.g.ItwasthisplacethatImetTom.notuntil句型的强调E.g.Itwasnotuntil10o’clockthathewenttobed.E.g.NotuntilhefinishedthehomeworkdidhewatchTV.非谓语动词分词分词的位置:单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词前;也可放在名词后,其作用是强调分词的动作性,但一般仅限于过去分词。E.g.theaspectsconcerned,E.g.theauthorityinvolved分词的特殊形式1.分词的复合结构,即分词的独立结构。当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词必须带上自己的主语,称为独立结构,可以表示原因,时间,伴随等。1)n.+分词短语E.g.(time)Thedarkcloudshavingdispersed,thesunshoneagain.E.g.(reason)Themonitorbeingill,we’dbetterwaitforher.2.With+n.+分词短语/adj./adv/prep…E.g.WithMr.Litakingthelead,thegroupaccuseditscompanyofdelayingtheirsalary.E.g.Withthemostpoptelevisionnetworkinhishand,themanhavehisproductsadvertisedatthegoldentimeforanhour.不定式1.with/without+分词逻辑主语+分词1)不定式常在下面动词后面作宾语:afford,agree,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,care,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,pretend,promise,refuse,learn,tend,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,
本文标题:00795自考综合英语二语法知识点
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