基于单片机实现红外测温仪设计

I摘要温度的测量应用十分广泛。测温方式一般可分为接触式和非接触式。接触式测温优点是简单、可靠、测量精度高，但它必须让它的测温传感器和被测物体接触测量它们之间达到热平衡之后的温度，所以缺点是响应时间长。而且在很多应用领域中要求测量温度的传感器不能与被测物体接触，这就需要一种非接触式的测温方式来满足要求。红外测温是根据被测物体的红外辐射能量来确定物体温度的，不需和被测物体接触且具有不影响被测物体温度场、温度分辨率高、响应速度快、测温范围广、稳定性好等特点。本论文正是应上述实际需求而设计的红外测温仪。本文介绍了红外测温仪测温的基本原理和实现方法，提出了以STC89C51单片机为其核心控制部件的红外测温系统。详细介绍了该系统的实现方式和构成，给出了软件的设计流程图和硬件原理图。该系统主要红外测温传感器、时钟芯片、单片机、液晶显示、电源管理等部分组成。红外测温传感器汇集其视场内目标的红外辐射能量并把红外能量聚焦在光电探测仪上并转变为相应的电信号。STC89C51单片机负责控制启动接受时钟电路的时钟信号、温度测量、接收测量数据、并按照单片机中的温度值计算算法计算出目标的温度值和日期时间再通过LCD把结果显示出来。关键词：单片机，红外测温，设计攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文）ABSTRACTIIABSTRACTTemperaturemeasurementiswidelyused.Temperaturemeasurementmethodscanbedividedintocontactandnon-contact.Contacttemperatureadvantageissimple,reliable,highaccuracy,butthetemperaturesensorandtheobjectitmustbeallowedtoreachatemperatureof-contactmeasurementafterthermalequilibriumbetweenthem,sothedisadvantageisthattheresponsetimeislong.Andinmanyfieldsofapplicationisnotrequiredtomeasureatemperaturesensorincontactwiththemeasuredobject,whichrequiresanon-contacttemperaturemeasuringmethodtomeettherequirements.Infraredtemperaturemeasurementistodeterminethetemperatureoftheobjectbasedontheobject'sinfraredradiationenergy,andtheobjectwithouttouchingtheobjectandhasnoimpactonthetemperaturefield,temperature,highresolution,fastresponse,widetemperaturerange,stablegoodcharacteristics.Thispaperisdesignedtobeabovetheactualneedsoftheinfraredthermometer.ThispaperintroducesthebasicprincipleandmethodofinfraredthermometertemperaturemeasurementisproposedtoSTC89C51microcontrollercorecontrolcomponentsforinfraredtemperaturemeasurementsystem.Detailsoftheimplementationandcompositionofthesystem,giventhesoftwareandhardwaredesignflowdiagram.Thesystemismainlyinfraredtemperaturesensor,clockchip,microcontroller,LCD,composedpowermanagementsection.Infraredtemperaturesensorbringstogetheritsfieldofinfraredradiationenergytargetsandtheinfraredenergyisfocusedonthephotoelectricdetectorandconvertedintoacorrespondingelectricalsignal.STC89C51SCMisresponsibleforcontrollingstartacceptingclockcircuitclocksignal,temperaturemeasurement,receivemeasurementdataandcalculationalgorithmtocalculatethetargettemperatureandthedateandtimeaccordingtothemicrocontrollertemperaturevaluethentheresultsaredisplayedviaLCD.Keywords:microcontroller,infraredtemperaturemeasurement,design攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文）目录III目录摘要........................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..............................................................................................................II目录.......................................................................................................................II1绪论....................................................................................................................11.1本课题的研究背景和意义...........................................................................11.2本课题的研究现状与发展趋势....................................................................11.3设计的目的和意义......................................................................................31.4本课题研究的内容......................................................................................31.5本课题设计的任务.....................................................................................42方案分析与选择................................................................................................52.1设计方案....................................................................................................52.2方案论证...................................................................................................63系统的硬件设计................................................................................................73.1单片机模块................................................................................................73.2红外测温模块...........................................................................................103.2.1红外测温仪的原理和性能分析........................................................103.2.2MLX90614的特性..............................................................................153.2.3MLX90614引脚及其功能.................................................................153.2.4MLX90614原理图............................................................................163.3DS1302时钟模块......................................................................................163.4电源模块..................................................................................................183.5LCD显示模块...........................................................................................184系统的软件设计.............................................................................................224.1软件的设计架构......................................................................................224.2主控程序.................................................................................................224.3应用模块..................................................................................................234.3.1MLX90614部分软件设计....