_水产养殖环境的污染及其控制对策

201416226－34JournalofAgriculturalScienceandTechnology2014-02-152014-03-112012GB23260567CAＲS-49。。[e-mail]12121．2140812．214081。。、、、。、。doi10．13304/j．nykjdb．2014．076S942．3A1008-0864201402-0026-09PollutionandControlMeasuresofAquacultureEnvironmentWUWei12FANLi-min121．KeyLaboratoryofInlandFisheryEco-environmentandＲesourceFreshwaterFisheriesＲesearchCenterChineseAcademyofFisherySciencesJiangsuWuxi2140812．WuxiFisheriesCollegeNanjingAgriculturalUniversityJiangsuWuxi214081ChinaAbstractThecurrentstatusofaquacultureenvironmentpollutioninChinawasanalysed．Thepollutionsourcesandtheirimpactonaquacultureandthesurroundingaquaticenvironmentwerestated．Aquacultureenvironmentalpollutioncanbecausedbyexogenouscontaminationandself-pollutionoftheculture．Theindustrialpollutiontheagriculturalpollutionandthedomesticpollutionweremainsourcesoftheextrogenouscontaminationswhilethesourcesofself-pollutioninvolvedalltheinputsandbyproductsinthewholebreedingprocessincludingthefertilizersthefeedsthefishmedicinestheexcrementoftheculturespeciesandthesediment．Thepaperintroducedthein-situremediationandex-situremediationtechnologywhichwerecommonlyusedinaquacultureenvironmentalpollutioncontrol．OnthebasisoftheanalysisabovethecontrolmeasuresonaquacultureenvironmentpollutionwasproposedinlinewiththeChina’snationalconditionstoprovideideasforimprovingtheaquaticproductsqualityandforpromotingthesustainabledevelopmentofaquaculture．KeywordsaquacultureenvironmentpollutioncontrolmeasuresFAO19703．9%201141．3%1。。。。20125907．68t38%24。、。2012808．84hm24288．36t72．59%70%2。。。。1、。、、、。。3。、。、。《2012》4。、。、、、、。、。。52～296PCBs31．5%0．013μg/kg100%0．12～1．05μg/kg100%6．4～214μg/kg7896PBDEsPBDEs0．344～68．0ng/L8/NP/OP、/NPlEO/OPlEOABPANPNP1EO。2。、、。、910。。、、、、722。。2．12．1．1、。2005《》、。、。、、、、、。。。2．1．2。、。。、、、、。、11“”、“”。、、、12。13．9%13．4%72.7%25．4%28.9%45．7%13Penczak1430%Braaten1520%。2．1．3、。、、、、、、、。、、、、、。。。20%～30%16。17、7．63～59．00ng/L、181～31920。2．2、。20%～30%。36%、31．89%52．5%、、15．61%821670．2%5．1%65．1%。1．4t0．45t21。208080%25%75%10%22。Beveridge2374%100g25～30g。。、24。2．3、、、、、。－－。。、、、25。、30～40cm26。、、。Funge2710%7%。28、3～4g/m·d700～800mgN/m·d11%～36%29。2．42．4．1、。。。2010、《》COD3028．96t42．32t472.89tCOD55.83t1．56t8．21t1．84%、3．69%1．74%。2007《》SC/T9101-2007《》SC/T9103-2007、。、、。、、。30、0．01mg/L3．53×105/LBrown31DO/。3m15mDO35%～70%50%～85%。2．4．2、、。NH3、NO－2、H2S、CH4。NH3、NO－2、H2SNO－232。922pH。pH。DOpH24h8mg/L0pH863334、3536ＲBCＲBCＲBCHCTHBMET。3。、。。。、。3．1、、。、、。、BOD、COD、。37～401、2、41。1Fig．1Waterpurifybytheplantedfloat．2Fig．2Waterpurifybytheimmobilizedbiofilmstructure．3．2。constructedwetland、、0316。、。、、、、、、、。。4243TSS60%70%。44．14．1．1。。。。。、、。4．1．2。。。。。4．24．2．1“”。“”。①。、。②。。。－－－、－－。。4．2．2、、。。132。①。、、、、、、。。②。、、。、、。4．2．3。。、、。。。。、、。。。。。。4．2．4、。①GB11607-89、3325。、。《》、《》、。②、。《》SC/T9101-2007《》SC/T9103-2007、。。。③“”2316。④。1FAOFisheriesDepartment．TheStateofWorldFisheriesandAquacultureＲ．ＲomeFAO2012．2．2013M．20131－50．TheMinistryofAgricultureFisheriesBureau．2013ChinaYearbookofFisheryStatisticsM．BeijingChinaAgriculturePress20131－50．3．M．20138－14．WuWXuPJiangGZ．FisheryEnvironmentalProtectionM．BeijingChinaAgriculturePress20138－14．4．2012Ｒ/OL．http//jcs．mep．gov．cn/hjzl/zkgb/2012zkgb/20121－21．5．J．2000205419－421．WangNZhuYM．Thesurveyonnon-pointsourcepollutionofheavymetalsinSonghuaＲiverJ．ChinaEnviron．Sci．2000205419－421．6．PCBsJ．19898249－54LiMXYueGCGaoFMetal．．TransportanddistributionofPCBsandorganochlorinepesticidesinthesecondSonghuaＲiverJ．Environ．Chem．19898249－54．7．J．2011203474－479．GuanYFTuXYWuHH．DistributionandsourceofpolybrominateddiphenylethersPBDEsinriverinewaterofthePearlＲiverDeitaJ．Ecol．Environ．Sci．2011203474－479．8．AJ．2012313358－363．HuangWGTangJHChenYJetal．．DistributioncharacteristicsofalkylphenolsandbisphenolAinsurfacewatersfromtypicalbaysaroundShandongPeninsulaJ．Mar．Environ．Sci．2012313358－363．9．J．2006791－6．AnXLZhouQX．Progressinstudyofbioremediationforaquacultureself-pollutedwaterbodiesJ．Technol．Equip．Environ．Poll．Contr．2006791－6．10．J．2008272192－196．WangJPChenJGSiLGetal．．Discussionsonself-pollutionanditspreventionandcureinaquacultureJ．J．ZhejiangOceanUniv．Nat．Sci．2008272192－196．11．J．200821328－30．ChaiXShiJDLiuCY．InfluenceoffisheryfarmingtoeutrophicationofwaterbodyJ．Poll．ControlTechnol．200821328－30．12．J．2009274617－622．WuDSXiongQDuJY．StudyontheeutrophicationbyaquacultureJ．JiangxiSci．2009274617－622．13．．1998118－139．XuQYnagLZDongYHetal．．ＲicePaddyEcologicalSysteminChinaM．BeijingChinaAgricultuePress1998118－139．14PenczakTGalickaWMolinskiM．TheenrichmentofamesotrophiclakebycarbonphosphorusandnitrogenfromthecageaquacultureofrainbowtroutSalmogairdneriJ．J．Appl．Ecol．198219371－393．15BraatenB．PollutionproblemsonnorwegianfishfarmsJ．Aquac．Irel．1983146－7．16SamuelsenOB．DegradationofoxytetracyclineinseawaterattwodifferenttemperaturesandlightintensitiesandthepersistenceofoxytetracyclineinthesedimentfromafishfarmJ．Aquaculture1989837－16．17．J．2013222304－310．LiangXMShiZHuangXP．OccurrenceofantibioticsintypicalaquacultureofthePearlＲiverEstuaryJ．Ecol．Environ．Sci．2013222304－310．18．J．20132971580－1585．TianXHGongXHXuYJetal．．AccumulationandeliminationofprometryninApostichopusjaponicusJ．Mod．FoodSci．Te