SCI论文的书写与投稿

IntroductionAnaturalist’slifewouldbehappyoneifhehadonlytoobserveandnevertowrite(CharlesDarwin)Inscience,nomatterhowspectaculartheresultsare,theworkisnotcompleteduntiltheresultsarepublishedOneofthebestwaysscientificresearchersprovidetheirexpertiseandtoberecognizedprofessionallyistopublishasmanygoodpapersaspossibleinanumberofveryprestigiousprofessionaljournalsIntroductionJournalsdecidewhichmanuscriptstopublishlargelyontheopinionsofotherscientistswhojudgethequalityofsubmittedpapers-AprocesscalledpeerreviewAttractingthereviewers’attentionandsupportisvital!!ThepurposeofthispresentationistohelpcandidatestopreparethemanuscriptandtoshowallstepsfromtheroughmanuscripttopublishedpaperContentskindsofscientificwrittencommunicationscientificwritingingeneralIMRADformatpaperorganizationpaperwritingpapersubmissiontheeditingprocessproof-reading…andpointerstoreadingScientificwrittencommunicationReportsThesesordissertationsJournalarticlesSlidepresentationsPostersBooksandbookchaptersTechnicalmanuals/usersguidesResearchorgrantproposalsWhyPublish?contributesknowledgeensuresscientificrigorallowsfeedback(improveswork)Promotescareerdocumentproductivitydocumentimpactonfield/reputationAdvertisesyourlabforfuturetraineesimproveschancesoffundingInformationonwritingscientificpaperScientificwritingisprimarilyanexerciseinorganizationScientificwritingishighlystylizedwithdistinctiveandclearlyevidentcomponentpartsEachscientificpapershouldhaveproperorderincontentsInformationonwritingscientificpaperIfyourresearchworkisimportant,thenitshouldbecommunicatedeffectively,clearlyinwordsofcertainmeaningThebestEnglishinscientificwritingisthatwhichgivesthesenseinthefewestshortwordsEnjoythesheerofbeautyofsimpledeclarativesentenceusingclearandshortwordTheultimategoalofscientificresearchispublicationInformationonwritingscientificpaperScientistswithPhDcanmakejournaleditorsquitehappywithplain,unassuming,simple,andfreshmanlevelcompositionAscientificpaperisnotliteratureIftheingredientsareproperlyorganized,thepaperwillalmostwriteitselfInformationonwritingscientificpaperTheveryfirstdecisionyouneedtomakeistowhichjournalyouintendtosubmit.ThisinitselfisoftenadifficulttaskManyfactorsareinvolvedinthedecision(e.g.impactofthejournalvsprobabilityofacceptance;publicationlag;desiredaudience,etc)Onceyoudecide,readthejournal’s“Instructionsforauthors”,usuallyfoundinsidethefrontorbackcover.EnsurethatyoufollowallofthesetotheletterInformationonwritingscientificpaperAlso,journalsdifferinstyle-someuse“Introduction”asaheadingforthatsection,othersdon’t.Perusesomepublishedpaperstoacquaintyourselfwiththejournal’sstyle.ThisismucheasierthanreadingtheformattinginstructionsMissionofScientificJournalsPublicationofimportant,qualityandcurrentscientificinformationCriteriaforAcceptanceClarityofobjectivenessOriginalityAppropriateexperimentaldesignandmethodsAppropriatestatisticalanalysisCriteriaforAcceptanceDepthoftheinvestigationSubstanceoftheresultsScientificinterpretationandthoroughdiscussionofresultsTheimportanceoftopictothejournalRejection-Why?WrongJournalThesubjectmatterisofinsufficientinteresttothereadershiptoaspecificjournalOfferingtoolongFaultsinpresentationRetrospectivestudyStatisticsTheresultsaretrivialThescientificqualityissubstandardGroupsintrialnotcomparableTheobjectofaScientificPaperEnablethereaderto:AssesstheobservationsyoumadeRepeattheexperimentiftheywishDeterminewhethertheconclusionsdrawnarejustifiedIMRADformatExperimentalprocessSectionofPaperWhatdidIdoinanutshell?AbstractWhatistheproblem?IntroductionHowdidIsolvetheproblem?MaterialsandMethodsWhatdidIfindout?ResultsWhatdoesitmean?DiscussionWhohelpedmeout?Acknowledgments(optional)WhoseworkdidIreferto?LiteratureCitedExtraInformationAppendices(optional)OthertypesofjournalpapersState-of-the-artReviewBibliographyTechnicalnotesLettertotheeditorPaperorganizationTitleThetitleistheonlypartofyourpapermostpeoplewillread-makeitclear,concise(self-contained)andinformativeActualfindingsshouldbedescribedwithclaimsthatcanbesupportedItshouldbecatchy/memorableThetitleisalabel,notasentenceThelistofAuthorsStudentfirst,supervisorsecondAnauthorofapapershouldbedefinedasonewhotakesintellectualresponsibilityfortheresearchresultsbeingreportedGivecreditwhereitisdue.Itdoesnotcostanything,anditcreatesfriends.ScienceismoreofasocialactivitythanyoumightthinkAuthors’affiliationsandcorrespondingauthorPaperorganizationAbstractTheabstractisvitallyimportant-withoutdoubtthemostimportant200-300wordsinthepaperNeverforgetthattheabstractisoftentheonlythingreaderswillreadfromyourpaper.Payattentiontoit!Makeitveryconcise,clear-cut,easytoread.AvoidtechnicaltermsorcomplicatedreasoningFirst1-2sentences:introductiontotheconceptNext1-2sentences:thesystemandthespecificquestionAbstractNomethods,unlessunavoidableornewNextxsentences,abriefsummaryoftheresultsFinal1-2sentences:conclusionYoucanendwithasentencethathintsatthemajortopicofthediscussionTypedasasingleparagraphNoabbreivations/orcitation