24John Milton

JohnMilton(1608-1674)HisFamily•Birth:MiltonwasbornandraisedinLondon.•HisFather–APuritan–Ascrivenerandmoneylender–AloverofmusicandpoetryWhoarePuritans(清教徒）?•PuritansaremoreextremeProtestantswithintheChurchofEnglandwhothoughttheEnglishReformationhadnotgonefarenoughinreformingthedoctrinesandstructureofthechurch.TheywantedtopurifytheirnationalchurchbyeliminatingeveryshredofCatholicinfluence.•UnderCharlesIofEngland,thePuritansbecameapoliticalforceaswellasareligioustendencyinthecountry.OpponentsofthedivinerightofthekingbecamealliesofPuritanreformers,whosawtheChurchofEnglandmovinginadirectionoppositetowhattheywanted,andobjectedtoincreasedRomanCatholicinfluencebothatCourtand(astheysawit)withintheChurch.HisEducation•BeingTutoredathomebefore12yearsold•WenttoSt.Paul’sSchoolinLondon•In1625,MiltonwenttoCambridgeUniversityandspentsevenyearsthere,earninghisB.A.andM.A..•GreatGateofChrist’sCollege,CambridgeChrist’sCollege,CambridgeHisEarlyLife•Aftergraduatingfromtheuniversity,insteadoftakingajob,hereturnedhometoengageinasystematicprogramofreadingandwriting.•HebeganhistravelingaroundtheEurope,mostlyinItaly,andthenreturnedtoEnglandin1639.HisPublicWork•Writingpamphlets:duringtheEnglishCivilWarhesidedwiththeanti-royalistsunderOliverCromwell.•TheofficeofSecretaryforForeignTonguesin1649•Hiswasblindin1652.HisMarriages•MarriedMaryPowellin1642wholefthimshortlyafterwardsandreturnedtolivewithhimthreeyearslater,diedin1652•MarriedasecondtimetoKatherineWoodcockin1656whodiedinearly1658•MarriedathirdtimetoElizabethMinshull,thedaughterofafriend.Hespenttheremainingyearswithher,apparentlyinrelativehappiness.HisLaterLife•Miltonwasputintoprisonaftertherestorationofthemonarchyin1660.•Withtheaidofsomeimportantfriends,hemanagedtoescapefromthepunishmentforhisassociationwiththeCommonwealthgovernment.•Helivedtheremainderofhislifequietly.ThreePeriodsofMilton'sLiteraryCareer1Beforetherevolution2Duringtherevolution3AftertherevolutionThefirstperiod(beforetherevolution)shortpoems:L’Allegro《快乐的人》ILPenseroso《幽思的人》Comus假面剧《科玛斯》Lycidas《利西达斯》Thesecondperiod(duringtherevolution)pamphletsandtracts•TheDoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce《论离婚的道义和纪律》•Areopagitica《论言论自由》•TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople《为英国人民声辩》•TheSecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople《再为英国人民声辩》Thethirdperiod(aftertherevolution)threegreatpoemsParadiseLost《失乐园》ParadiseRegained《复乐园》SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》Guess•AspoorasJob•Job’scomforters•Job’spost•Job’snews•Job’swifeParadiseRegained•TheStory–ChristinthewildernessovercomingSatanthetempter,therebyprovinghisfitnessforhisultimatetrial;–Inhishumanrole,Christshowswhathumankindmightachievethroughstrongintegrityandhumbleobediencetothedivinewill.Samson---IsraelitewarriorheroSamsonAgonistes•Milton'ssenseofkinshipwithhishero:betrayedbywife;sufferedfromblindness;scornedbyhisenemies;struggledheroicallyagainsthisenemies.•Milton'sclassicalstyleappearsinarugged,sinewy,colloquialtexture,andinirregularrhythmsofnewexpressiveness.ParadiseLostParadiseLost---theFallofMan•ParadiseLostisanepicpoeminblankverse.Itwasoriginallypublishedin1667intenbooks;asecondeditionfollowedin1674,re-dividedintotwelvebooks.ThepoemconcernstheJudeo-ChristianstoryoftheFallofMan:thetemptationofAdamandEvebySatanandtheirexpulsionfromtheGardenofEden.CreationofmanGardenofEdenAdamandEveSatanFallofManTheFallofManTheSummaryofBooki-bookXii•BookIandBookII:SatanhasdrawnallthefallenangelsintoalargecounselinhisTemple.Heasksforsuggestiononhowbesttocontinuebattlingheaven.•BookIIIandBookIV:GodtellshissonhowSatanisgoingtotemptmanandhowmanisthengoingtofall.•BookV:•GodsendsRaphaeltowarnAdam.•RaphaelwarnsAdamofSatan'sintentionstocorruptGod'screation.•BookVI:•GodthensendsMichaelandGabrielwithhisarmytodefeatSatan'sarmy.Onthethirddayofbattle,GodsendsinhisSon.•BookVIIandBookVIII:•AdamasksRaphaelabouthowhe,man,cametobe,howtheearthwascreated,andwhy?•Godthencreatesdarknessandlight,theuniverse,earthandocean,andplantsandanimalsinsevendays.•AdamcontinuestoaskmorequestionsabouttheHeaven.•BookIX:•Satanslipsintothegardenintheformofasnake.•SatanfindsEvealoneandthenflattersher,bytellingherhowbeautifulsheis.Eveisamazedthattheserpentknowshowtospeakandaskshowthisispossible.Satanrepliesthatitisbecauseheatefromatreeinthegarden.HebringshertotheTreeofKnowledge.•BookX:•GodsendshisSontojudgeAdamandEve.•TheSonjudgesEve.Shewillnowhavepaininchildbirthandmustbesubmissivetoherhusband.•TheSonjudgesAdam.Hewillhavedifficultywiththeearthingettingfoodtogrow.•Deathwillbeattheendforbothofthem.•BookXI:GodsendsthearchangelMichaeltogodowntoParadisetotellhisdecisiontoAdamandEve.•MichaelbringsAdamtoahilltoshowhimwhatwillhappentohimandhisoffspringupuntiltheflood.•Michaeltellshimoftheotherwaysmanwilldie:fire,flood,famine,badfoodanddrink,anddiseases.•BookXII:•MichaeltellsoftheanointedMessiahwhowillfinallyconquerdeathandrightAdam'swrong.•TheSonofGodwillleadareproachfullifeandacurseddeath.•MichaelthenholdsbothAdam'sandEve'shandsandleadsthemoutofParadise.