流行性感冒讲座英文

InfluenzaInfluenza•1.WhatisInfluenza?•2.HowInfluenzaSpreads•3.Symptoms•4.Diagnosis•5.Treatment•6.HowtoPrevent1.WhatisInfluenza?Influenza(theflu)isacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbyinfluenzaviruses.Itcancausemildtosevereillness,andattimescanleadtodeath.History：2,400yearsAcoldisamilderrespiratoryillnessthantheflu.Whilecoldsymptomscanmakeyoufeelbadforafewdays.Flusymptomscanmakeyoufeelquiteillforafewdaystoweeks.Coldsymptomsusuallybeginwithasorethroat,whichusuallygoesawayafteradayortwo.Nasalsymptoms,runnynose,andcongestionfollow,alongwithacoughbythefourthandfifthdays.Feverisuncommoninadults,butaslightfeverispossible.Childrenaremorelikelytohaveafeverwithacold.Withcoldsymptoms,yournoseteemswithwaterynasalsecretionsforthefirstfewdays.Later,thesebecomethickeranddarker.Whetherapersonhastypicalseasonalfluorswineflu,thesymptomsseemtobequitesimilar.Flusymptomsareusuallymoreseverethancoldsymptomsandcomeonquickly.Symptomsofswinefluandseasonalfluincludesorethroat,fever,headache,muscleachesandsoreness,congestion,andcough.Swinefluinparticularisalsoassociatedwithvomitinganddiarrhea.DifferenceBetweenColdorFLUInfluenza(theflu)isacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbyinfluenzaviruses.Itcancausemildtosevereillness,andattimescanleadtodeath.Thebestwaytopreventseasonalfluisbygettingaseasonalfluvaccinationeachyear.•InvirusclassificationinfluenzavirusesareRNAvirusesthatmakeupthreeofthefivegeneraofthefamilyOrthomyxoviridae.InfluenzavirusAInfluenzavirusBInfluenzavirusCInfluenza(theflu)1918H1N1Spanishflu40million1957H2N3Fareastflu2million1968H2N3HongKongflu700000WorldWarI：8to10million20thcenturyKeyInfluenzaAViralFeatures神经氨酸酶（N）血凝素（H）Influenza:AnEver-ChangingVirusAntigenicdrift:Smallchange,happencontinuallyovertimeIsoneofthemainreasonswhypeoplecangettheflumorethanonetimeAntigenicshift:Isanabrupt,majorchangeResultsinanewinfluenzaAsubtypeoravirus2.HowInfluenzaSpreadsPeoplewithflucanspreadittoothersuptoabout6feetawayMostexpertsthinkthatfluvirusesarespreadmainlybydropletsmadewhenpeoplewithflucough,sneezeortalkThesedropletscanlandinthemouthsornosesofpeoplewhoarenearbyorpossiblybeinhaledintothelungs.Lessoften,apersonmightalsogetflubytouchingasurfaceorobjectthathasfluvirusonitandthentouchingtheirownmouthornose(contacttransmission)AccordingtoCenterfordiseasecontrol&prevention(CDC),symptomsofH1N1influenzaresemblesseasonalinfluenzaandotheracuteupperrespiratorytractinfections.3.Symptoms•Feverwithorwithoutchills•Lethargy•Lackofappetite•Sorethroat•Cough•Runningnose•Bodyache•Headache•Nausea•Vomiting•Diarrhea4.DiagnosisDifficulttodiagnoseSimilartothecommoncoldOnsetofsymptomsmayoccurrapidlyDiagnosisItcanbetestedforinthelab……Leukopeniaparticularlylymphopeniamild-to-moderatethrombocytopeniaslightlyormoderatelyelevatedaminotransferaselevelsMarkedhyperglycemiarelatedtocorticosteroiduseelevatedcreatininelevelsCommonlaboratoryfindingsviralisolationchickembryosculturedcellsVirologyDiagnosisVirologyDiagnosisReal-timePCRRapidQuantitativeImmunofluroscenceRapidDistinguishbetweeninfluenzaAandBvirusesVirologyDiagnosisDrugsprovedresistantatpresent……5.Treatment6.HowtoPrevent•8StepstoProtectYourself•Individualpreparedness–Beforethepandemiccomes–WhenthepandemiccomesStep1BepreparedStep2GetvaccinatedStep3KeephandscleanStep4Usemaskproperly8StepsToProtectYourselfStep5KnowhowinfluenzapresentsStep6ManagefeverwellStep7PractisehealthylifestyleStep8Beresourceful8StepsToProtectYourselfStep1:BePreparedBuildupgoodpersonalhygiene•washhandsfrequently•wearmaskwhensymptomsofrespiratorytractinfectiondevelop•covermouthandnosewithtissuewhencoughingorsneezinganddisposeofsoiledtissueproperlyinaliddedrubbishbin•avoidtouchingeyes,mouthornoseStep1:BePrepared•Keepathome•Masks•Antipyreticsforusewhennecessary•Thermometer•Liquidsoap•Tissue•Bealwaysreadywithinformationoffamilydoctor&otherusefulinformation•Seasonalpeaks:Jan-Mar/Jul–Aug•Influenzavaccinationoneoftheeffectivemeansofpreventinginfluenzaanditscomplications•InfluenzavaccinationisrecommendedtospecialgroupsStep2:GetVaccinated•Peoplewhoshouldreceiveinfluenzavaccination:•Elderlypersonslivinginresidentialcarehomes•Long-stayresidentsofinstitutionsforthedisabled•Elderlypersonsaged65yearsorabove•Personswithchronicillnesses•Healthcareworkers•Poultryworkers•Childrenaged6to23months•Pregnantwomenintheirsecondorthirdtrimester•InfluenzavaccinecanbegivenonthesamedayasothertypesofvaccinesStep2:GetVaccinatedStep2:GetVaccinatedPeoplenotsuitabletoreceiveinfluenzavaccination:•Allergictoeggs,neomycin,etc•Allergictopreviousdoseofinfluenzavaccine•Withbleedingdisordersoronwarfarindeepsubcutaneousinjection•SufferfromacutefebrileillnessreceivewhenrecoverStep2:GetVaccinatedTwoweeksaftervaccinationantibodiesdevelopandprovideprotectionImmunitydeclinesovertimeStep2:GetVaccinated•Yearlyinfluenzavaccineistargetedonseasonalinfluenzaonly•DevelopmentofanewvaccinewhichmatchesthepandemicviralstrainwillprobablytakeseveralmonthstocompleteStep3:KeepHandsCleanWhenShouldWeWashOurHands?–Beforetouchingeyes,mouth&nose–Whenhandsarecontaminatedbyrespiratorysec