机械类专业英语

LESSON1STRESSANDSTRAINStressn.应力（机械工程）；压力；强调；紧张；重要性vt.强调；使紧张；加压力于shearstress剪应力;剪切应力;切应力;切变应力bendingstress弯曲应力;弯应力;屈曲应力;挠应力internalstress内应力;内部应力;内胁强;内应力stressconcentration应力集中;应力齐集;应力集中的概念;压力集中axialstress轴向应力;轴应力;多轴向应力thermalstress热应力;耐浸焊性;温度应力;热应力试验stresscorrosion应力腐蚀;超应力腐蚀;应力腐化;应Stressball压力球;减压球;美国原装;握力球stressamplitude应力幅;应力幅值;应力幅度;应力振幅Strainn.应力（机械工程）；张力；拉紧vi.拉紧；尽力vt.拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力linearstrain线应变;线性应变breakingstrain断裂应变;致断应变;破坏应变;裂断应变volumetricstrain体积应变;体应变;容积应变dynamicstrain动应变;动态creepstrain蠕动应变;蠕变变形;蠕变应变longitudinalstrain纵向应变;纵向变形;长轴应变strainhardening行程;加工硬化;机械硬化;应变强化flexuralstrain弯曲应变;挠曲应变Prismaticadj.等截面的；棱柱的，棱镜的；五光十色的，光彩夺目的Prismaticbar等截面杆Axialadj.轴的；轴向的axialcompressor压气机;轴流压缩机;轴流式axialcompression轴向压缩;轴向压力;轴向挤压axialdirection轴向;轴方向axialtension轴向拉力;轴向拉伸;axialangle轴向角;轴间角axialmodule轴向模数;轴向模块;轴向模axialbond直键;轴键;主键;直立键axialfactor轴向系数;轴向因子Tensionn.拉伸；拉力，张力；紧张，不安；电压vt.使紧张；使拉紧hightension高压;高电压;高张力;血色月亮belttension皮带张力;传动带张力;皮带拉力;带张力tensionspring拉簧;拉力弹簧;张紧簧;拉伸弹簧musculartension肌紧张;肌张力;肌肉紧张;肌痉挛TensionController张力控制器;张力控制tensionmember受拉杆件;受拉构件;抗拉构材;受拉牵条perpendicularadj.垂直的，正交的；直立的；陡峭的n.垂线；垂直的位置mutuallyperpendicular互相垂直的;互相垂直线forwardperpendicular首垂线;艏垂标;艏垂线;船首垂线perpendicularhook垂直钩perpendicularpolarization垂直极化Perpendicularstyle垂直式风格PerpendicularDimension正交尺寸;线标注perpendicularprojection垂直投影;垂直射线perpendicularperforation垂直于裂缝面射孔perpendiculardisplacement垂直位移Longitudinal[,lɑndʒə'tudnl]adj.轴向的，纵向的；经线的Longitudinalwave纵波;纵波波速;纵波法;辙波longitudinalsection纵切面;纵剖面;纵切片;纵截面longitudinalstress纵向应力;纵应力;轴向应力longitudinalbulkhead纵舱壁;纵仓壁;纵隔舱壁;纵隔堵longitudinalstrength纵向强度;纵总强度;总纵强度;拉伸强度longitudinalstrain纵向应变;纵向变形;线应变;长轴应变Longitudinaljoints纵向接头longitudinalfault纵断层;纵向断层;又称纵断层Tensileadj.拉伸的；可伸长的；可拉长的tensilestrength抗拉强度;拉伸强度tensilemodulus拉伸模量;拉伸弹性模量;拉伸模数tensilefailure拉伸断裂;拉伸破坏;拉力塌毁;拉力损毁hightensile高强度;高张力tensileelasticity伸长弹性;抗拉弹性tensilezone受拉区域tensiledraw牵引力Hydrostatic[,haɪdrə(ʊ)'stætɪk]adj.液压静力的hydrostaticpressure静水压力;液体静压;静水压hydrostaticforce静水压力;流体静力hydrostaticload静水荷载;静液压负载Submergevt.淹没；把…浸入；沉浸vi.淹没；潜入水中；湮没denotevt.表示，指示resultantn.合力；结果adj.结果的；合成的resultantforce合力;总反力;协力;净力stressresultant应力合力resultantaction合力作用magnituden.数量、数值；大小；量级equilibriumn.平衡；稳定；保持平衡的能力[,iːkwɪ'lɪbrɪəm]equilibriumconstant平衡常数；平衡系数equilibriumcondition平衡条件;均衡条件unstableequilibrium不稳定平衡;不稳定均衡stableequilibrium稳定平衡generalequilibrium一般均衡;总体均衡;全面均衡kineticequilibrium动态平衡;运动学平衡;动力平衡equilibriumvalue平衡值;均衡值;均衡价值;平衡常数equilibriumdistribution平衡分布;均衡分布normaladj.垂直的；正常的；正规的，标准的n.正常；标准；常态normalstress正应力tensilestress拉伸应力，拉应力compressivestress压缩应力，压应力arbitraryadj.随机的；任意的；武断的；专制的arbitraryaccess随意存取;任意存取;随机存取arbitraryshape任意形状arbitraryline任意直线Centroidn.矩心，重心vicinityn.邻近，附近；近处transverseadj.横向的；横断的；贯轴的n.横断面；贯轴；横肌transversesection横切面;横剖面;横断面;横截面transversemodule端面模数transverseaxis横截轴;贯轴;横轴;半贯轴transversebearing径向轴承;径向elongationn.伸长；伸长率；拉长，延长Tensileelongation延伸率;拉伸;拉伸伸长率;伸长率specificelongation延伸率;相对伸长;断后延伸率;伸长率Elongationultimate极限延伸率;断裂伸长率localelongation局部伸长;局部仲长cumulative['kjuːmjʊlətɪv]adj.累积的cumulativeerror累积误差;积累误差;累积差误cumulativefrequencies累积频数;累计频数cumulativelearning累积学习dimensionlessadj.无单位的，无量纲的；n.无穷小量dimensionlessquantity无量纲量;无因次量;无因次值dimensionlessfactor无量纲因数;无量纲系数;无量纲因子;注明尺寸dimensionlessequation无因次方程quantityn.参数，值；数量；总量physicalquantity物理量;物理量;实物量;要的实物量dimensionlessquantity无量纲量;无因次量;无因次值averagequantity平均数量;平均量;均匀数量;均匀数目additionalquantity追加数量;额外数量;附加量considerablequantity大数量;可观的precedevt.先于；领先，在…之前；优于，高于vi.领先，在前面deformationn.变形finitedeformation有限变形;有限形变sheardeformation剪切变形;剪切形变;剪力变形deformationanalysis形态分析;变形验算;变形分析axialdeformation轴向变化;轴变形;轴向形变;轴向变形hotdeformation热变形;热形变;高温变形deformationmodulus变形模量;变形摸量;形变模量deformationrate应变率;变形率;畸变率;变形速率homogeneousadj.均匀的，均质的homogeneousnucleation均质形核homogeneousdeformation均匀变形;均匀形变;匀称变形;均质形变homogeneousradiation均匀辐射homogeneouscatalyst均相催化剂;催化剂homogeneousstrain均匀应变;匀质应变homogeneousenvironment同质环境uniaxialadj.单轴（向）的，同轴的uniaxialstrain单轴应变uniaxialjoint单轴关节uniaxialstrength单轴强力uniaxialpressing单轴向压制uniaxialdrawing单轴拉伸1.Theconceptsofstressandstraincanbeillustratedinanelementarywaybyconsideringtheextensionofaprismaticbar.AsshowninFig.1,aprismaticbarisonethathasconstantcrosssectionthroughoutitslengthandastraightaxis.InthisillustrationthebarisassumedtobeloadedatitsendsbyaxialforcesPthatproduceauniformstretching,ortension,ofthebar.Fig.1PrismaticbarintensionLesson1:StressandStrain2.Bymakinganartificialcut(sectionmm)throughthebaratrightanglestoitsaxis,wecanisolatepartofthebarasafreebody[seeFig.1(b)],Attheleft-handendthetensileforcePisapplied,andattheotherendthereareforcesrepresentingtheactionoftheremovedportionofthebaruponthepartthatremains.Theseforceswillbecontinuouslydistributedoverthecrosssection,analogoustothecontinuousdistributionofhydrostaticpressureoverasubmergedsurface.Fig.1PrismaticbarintensionLessen1:StressandStrain3.Theintensityofforce,thatis,theforceperunitarea,iscalledthestressandiscommonlydenotedb