高考英语-阅读理解之七选五

高考阅读理解之七选五4.解题技巧3.解题步骤2.命题方向1.题型介绍七选五是英语高考试卷中的重要题型1.题型介绍《考试说明》“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”1.题型介绍1.文章整体内容2.文章结构3.文章上下文逻辑意义——主旨概括性句子——过渡性句子——注释性句子难在哪里？1.题型介绍个别选项区分度不大，干扰性强说明文议论文记叙文2.命题方向分析历年高考真题可知结构性强，适合考察标题概括，主题句，过渡句等2.命题方向以13-17年高考全国II卷为例，体裁都是说明文•进行公共演讲的训练要点2013•时间紧迫情况下的烹调建议2014•如何进行马拉松训练的相关建议2015•如何打造一个你自己的专属花园2016•工作中被人打断时如何处理应对20172.命题方向以13-17年高考全国II卷为例，体裁都是说明文3.解题步骤04020103先看选项，勾画选项中的关键信息再看文章，分析文章结构，观察文章设空位置观察空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01语篇衔接手段包括词汇衔接，逻辑衔接篇章结构02根据设空在篇章中位置的不同确定不同的解题技巧4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01词汇衔接【例12016全国新课标卷1】Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessageiscalledcryptography.A．Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B．Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C．Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D．Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.解析：C项的tobreakthem与空后的Codebreaking属于同词复现。词汇复现4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01词汇衔接【例22014全国新课标卷2】Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal,makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread?38Ittakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforafuturemeal.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.解析：空前的one与three,four都是数字，属于同范畴的词，将此选项代入空格，前后意义衔接，故选C项。词汇同现4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01词汇衔接【例32017全国新课标卷N2】Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.E.It’simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou’llbeavailableF.ItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyouG.Leaveitopenwhenyou’reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou’renot解析：G项的it与空前door照应代词指代语篇衔接手段词汇衔接词汇复现词汇同现代词指代4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01逻辑衔接A.并列关系：And;First(ly)，Second(ly)，...；First,then/next，...；Inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...；foronething,foranotherthing，...；then/next,finally/last等。B.递进关系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what'smore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。C.解释例证关系：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01逻辑衔接D.因果关系：so/therefore,thus,consequently(结果),asaresult(of),so/such...that...，sothat...等。E.转折对比关系：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,ifnot,instead,nevertheless(然而),still,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison等。F.概括归纳关系：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等。4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01逻辑衔接【例4.2016全国新课标卷1】Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmassage“Meetme.”E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstletterofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G．Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.解析：由空后的Forexample可得知是解释例证关系。E项与下文举例相符。解释例证关系4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01逻辑衔接【例5.2017全国新课标卷N3】Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.40Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.转折对比关系解析：由空后的Ifnot可得知转折对比关系。E项if引导的条件句与下文ifnot有转折对比关系。4.解题技巧语篇衔接手段01逻辑衔接【例6.2014全国Ⅱ卷】Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.40Anddon’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.并列关系解析：由空后的and可得知并列关系。语篇衔接手段逻辑衔接并列转折解释例证....4.解题技巧02【例7】(2016全国Ⅱ卷)…Itstartswithlookinginsideyourself…andhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.●37Somepeoplemaythinkthatagarden…Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethods…However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden…●Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagarden…A.Knowwhyyougarden.B.Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden.篇章结构a.在小标题设空小标题特点是简短，与文中给出的小标题结构一致，多为祈使句4.解题技巧02【例8】(2017·全国新课标卷N2)37.Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.A.Ifyou’rebusy,don’tfeelbadaboutsayingnoB.WhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkC.Setboundariesforyourselfasyourtimegoes篇章结构b.在段首设空通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。解析：空格为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述了受到打扰要告诉别人你有很多事要做，再找另外的时间交谈。4.解题技巧02【例9】(2017·全国新课标卷N3)37.Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreason,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.篇章结构b.在段首设空通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。解析：空格为本段主旨句。通读本段内容可知，本段主要是建议读者要弄清楚自己做出改变的原因，并告诉家人或室友你想要做的改变。4.解题技巧02【例10】(2017·全国新课标卷N3)Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinesst