初中英语语法

Grammar人称代词物主代词反身代词不定代词代词综合练习名词冠词数词介词动词do动词havetherebe结构情态动词时间表达法形容词（副词）的比较级和最高级选择疑问句祈使句感叹句状语从句时态：一般现在时练习现在进行时练习一般将来时练习一般过去时练习人称代词：代替人或事物的代词叫人称代词.人称代词有主格和宾格之分.主格一般在句子中作主语，宾格在句子中作动词或介词的宾语.人称主格宾格第一人称I(单数)mewe(复数)us第二人称you(单\复数)you第三人称he(单数)himshe(单数)herit(单数)itthey(复数)them注意：it能被用来代替一个东西、一个动物或一个未知的人.they能被用来代替两个或两个以上的东西、动物或人.例：动词的主语动词的宾语介词的宾语IlikeWendy.Wendylikesme.Wendyisfondofme.HelikesWendyWendylikeshim.Wendyisfondofhim.Grammar模仿示例,用括号里代词的正确形式完成下列句子.例如：Maryistalkingtome(I/me)onthephone.1.(We/Us)wentswimmingatthebeachyesterday.2.(He/Him)isMichael’sgoodfriend.3Ihaven’tseen(they/them)foralongtime.4.Ilikemybossbecause(he/him)isveryfriendly.5.Kittyisolderthan(I/me)but(I/me)amolderthanSusan.6.Itold(he/him)towaitbut(he/him)didn’t.7.A:Whotookmyradio?B:(I/Me)havenoideawhotook(it/him).8.A:Wherearethefootballplayer?B:There(they/them)are.9.A:IsthatKennethoverthere?B:Yes,that’s(he/him).10.A:IsRaymondhard-working?B:Yes,(he/him)is.Everyoneintheofficerespects(he/him).练习物主代词：也称代词的所有格.表明谁的某物或某物归属于谁.分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词.形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面必须跟有名词.名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词.人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称my(单)/our(复)mine(单)ours(复)第二人称your(单/复)yours(单/复)第三人称hisherits(单)/their(复)hishersits(单)/theirs(复)注意：区分its与it’s.its是it的形容词性和名词性物主代词，it’s是itis或ithas的缩写例：形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词That’smypen.Thatpenismine.Thisisourmoney.Thismoneyisours.Theseareyourshoes.Theseshoesareyours.Thosearehisgoldfish.Thosegoldfisharehis.That’sherfile.Thatfileishers.Thatisitsfood.Thatfoodisits.Thesearetheirtoys.Thesetoysaretheirs.Grammar模仿示例,用括号里的词开头,改写下列句子.例如：Theirbooksareonthetable.(Thebooks)Thebooksonthetablearetheirs.1.Theirredshirtsareonthechair.(Theredshirts)2.Yourroomisthefirstoneonthefourthfloor.(Thefirstroom)3.Myschoolbagisunderthetable.(Theschoolbag)4.Herpianoisinthesittingroom.(Thepiano)5.Myposteristhebiggestoneonthenotice-board.(Thebiggestposter)6.TheirofficeisnexttoJohn’s.(Theoffice)7.Hiscarisattheendofthestreet.(Thecar)8.Ourclassroomisthebiggestoneintheschool.(Thebiggestclassroom)9.HerglassesareontheTV.(Theglasses)10.Hislettersareonmydesk.(Theletters)练习Key:1.Theredshirtsonthechairaretheirs.2.Thefirstroomonthefourthfloorisyours.3.Theschoolbagunderthetableismine.4.Thepianointhesittingroomishers.5.Thebiggestposteronthenotice-boardismine.6.TheofficenexttoJohn’sistheirs.7.Thecarattheendofthestreetishis.8.Thebiggestclassroomintheschoolisours.9.TheglassesontheTVarehers.10.Thelettersonmydeskarehis.反身代词(ReflexivePronouns)表示反射或强调的代词以-self或-selves结尾。一、反身代词的构成二、用法：1、在句中作宾语。表示动作回射到动作执行者本身。e.g.Healwaysthinksofhimself.Thegirlcanwashherselfnow.2、在句中用来加强语气，表示“亲自”“本人”的意思。e.g.Youcandoityourself.Imustseetheheadmasterhimself.Grammar反身代词的构成人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselveshimself第三人称herselfthemselvesitself第一、二人称由形容词性物主代词加-self/-selves构成.第三人称由人称代词宾格形式加-self/-selves构成.所有的重音均在这个音节上.GrammarFillintheblankswithreflexivepronounces:（用反身代词填空）1.SheteachesEnglish.2.TheyenjoyatthepartyeverySaturdayevening.3.TodayI’mgoingtobuyatennisracket.4.Pleasemakeathome,children.5.Timoftenforcestosleeplate.6.Canyouseeinthephotograph?7.Shelivesby.8.Wemakesandwichesfor.9.Theoldladyalwaystalksto.10.Paulispleasedwithbecausehedoeswellinhiswork.herselfthemselvesmyselfyourselveshimselfherselfherselfhimselfyourselfourselves练习不定代词some,any,no.some,any,no都既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。Some一般用在肯定句中。e.g.Heaskedmesomequestions.Therearesomechildrenoutside.Thereissomemilkinthefridge.Someofusagreewiththestatementandsomedisagree.Somepeopleareearlyrisers.Motherisdoingsomewashingnow.Some也可用在表示‘请求’、‘建议’的疑问句中，希望回答‘yes’e.g.Willyougetmesomematches?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Whydon’tyougetsomepeopletohelpyou?Doyouneedsomehelp?GrammarAny用在否定和疑问句中。e.g.Arethereanystampsinthedrawer?Ihaven’tgotanyworktodo.Doyouknowanygooddoctor?Letmeknowrightawayifyouhaveanynews.Didshegiveyouany?Any也可用在肯定句中，表示‘任何’。e.g.ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.Comeanydayyoulike.Anytimeyouwantme,justsendforme.GrammarNo只能作定语。no=notany,nota(an)e.g.Therearenolettersforyoutoday.Heisnofriendofmine.Noboyintheclasshaseverseenthesea.No用于警告、命令等标识。e.g.Nosmoking!Noparking!Grammar用some,any和no填空：•Iwanttobuy_______newclothes,butIhaven’tgot______money.•Therearen’t_______seatsleftonthebus.•Ihad________sweets,butmysisterdidn’thave_______.•Shesaw________squirrelsintheparkyesterday.•Heheard________noisesoutsidehisbedroomwindowlastnight.•Theydon’thave______ticketsfortheconcert.•Whyisn’tthere_______breadinthekitchen?•Motherbought_______justthisafternoon.•Werethere_______telephonecallsformewhileIwasaway?•Boy:Haveyougot_______friendsnearwhereyoulive?Girl:________,butnotmany.someanyanysomeanysomesomeanyanysomeanyanysome练习•HaveMrMrsHarrisgot_______children?•Wewenttosee________clownsatthecircus.•Janehasgot________newshoes.They’relovely!•Don’tyouhave_________lessonstoday?•Peterhas_________friends.Iamsorryforhim.•Idon’twant________vegetables,thankyou.•Havethey________orangesinthemarkettoday?•Peter’sabadboy.Hedoes________workatallandplaysallday.•I’vegot_______potatoes,_______onionsand_______carrots,butIcan’tfind________tomatoes.•–WhyhasJohngot________classestoday?--Becausetherearen’t________inou