商务英语名词解释

1.Budget—预算anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu.ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarrangements.2.Return—回报thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.3.Portfolio—证券投资组合theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling4.Royalty—专利税moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightforpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu.atagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.5.Patent—专利权aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.6.Non-tariffbarrier—非贸易壁垒allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.7.Franchise—经销权anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsinacertainarea.8.Purchasingpower—购买力ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.9.PPP—购买力平价purchasingpowerparity10.tariff—关税taxleviedbythecustoms11.barrierstotrade—贸易壁垒anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.12.primarycommodities—初级产品thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials13.drawback—退税dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exported14.specificduties—从量税dutiesleviedonthebasisofquantity,weight,sizeetc.ofthegoods15.advaloremduties—从价税dutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods16.carriage—运费thepriceorcostoftransportation17.voluntaryoffer—主动发盘anoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheofferer18.contractingparties—缔约方signatoriesofanagreement19.forcemajeure—[不可抗力]socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty20.firmoffer—持盘anofferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheoffer21.offeree—受要约人thepartytowhomanofferismade22.hyperinflation—极度通货膨胀soaringofpricesbeyondcontrol23.inflation—通货膨胀riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc.24.protectionism—贸易保护主义thetheoryofthesystemofdevelopinghomecountriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedoncompetitiveimports25.bilateral—双边的oftwosides26.bundling—捆绑式销售theexchangeofgoodsorservicesaretiedtogether27.creditors—债权人apersontowhomoneownsmoney28.debtor—债务人apersonwhoowesmoney29.default—违约failtocarryoutanobligation30.draft—汇票anunconditionalordertosomeonetopayasumofmoney31.remittance—汇款thesendingofmoneyorthemoneysent32.drawer—出票人thepersonwhoissuesadraft,usuallytheexporter33.drawee—受票人thepersontowhomadraftisdrawn34.credit-worthiness—资信beingbelievedoracceptedbyothersasreliableinmakingpayment35.applicantofanL/C—出口信用证theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C36.beneficiary—受益人thecompanythatcanmakeuseofanL/Ctogetpaidforitsexport37.confirmingbank—保兑行thebankthataddsitsowncommitmenttoanL/C38.reimburse—退款paybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasspent39.cleancredit—光票信用证acreditthatdoesnotrequireshippingdocumentsforpayment40.sightcredit—即期信用证acreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraft41.middleman—中间商traderthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer42.consignee—收货人thepartyinthebillofladingtowhomthegoodsareshipped43.shippingmarks—唛头whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportation44.insurancepolicy—保险单adocumentusedforcoveringpossiblerisks45.title—抬头righttothepossessionofapositionorproperty46.insured—被保险人apersoncoveredbyaninsurancepolicy47.premium—保险费theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontract48.potentialloss—潜在损失losswhichispossibletoincur49.claim—索赔apaymentdemandedinaccordancewithaninsurancepolicy50.margin—利润amountabovewhatisestimatedasnecessary51.underwriter—保险公司apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness52.invoice—发票adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandtheprice53.compensation—赔偿金somethinggivenorreceivedasanequivalentforloss54.pooling—联营acombinationoffundsformedforcommonadvantage55.multi-modaltransportation—多式联运transportthatcombinesroad,rail,seaandair56.redeem—兑换torepayorpayoff,esp.loanstock,debenturesandpreferencesharesorstock57.settlement—结算theactofpayingabill,debt,charge,etc58.exchangerate—汇率thepriceatwhichonecurrencycanbeexchangedforanothercurrency59.moneycirculation—货币流通moneyinthehandsofthepublicandbeingusedtopayforgoodsandservices60.devaluation—货币贬值theactofagovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitscurrencyinunitsofgoldorascomparedwithothercurrencies61.reserve—储备金moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand62.investment—投资theactofputtingmoneytouseinsomethingofferingprofitablereturns63.quota—配额alimitplacedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorcommodity64.VER—自动出口限制anagreementbyacountry’sexportersorgovernmenttolimittheirexportsorgovernmenttolimittheirexportstoanothercountry65.intellectualproperty—知识产权certainnon-tangibleassetsheld,principallycoveringtheareasofpatentprotection,registeredtrademarksanddesigns,andcopy-right66.taxholiday—免税期aperiodoftimeduringwhichtaxisnotlevied67.jointventure—合资企业abusinesswheretheprovisionofriskcapitalissharedbetweentwoormorefirms68.gilts—金边债券stocks