第八讲----引申翻译法

第八讲引申翻译法Itwascleartomethatweweresoulmateswhenitcametoreducinggovernmentandexpandingeconomicopportunity.显而易见，涉及减少政府干预和扩大经济机会这个问题，我们俩是心有灵犀一点通的。引申翻译法：---就是根据上下文的内在联系，从原词句基本意义出发，根据具体语境和目的语表达习惯，透过句中词或词组乃至整句的字面意义由表及里，对某些词语作一定的语义调整，将其改变为一种适于表达原文精神实质的新义，运用一些符合汉语习惯的表现法，选用确切的汉语词句，将原文内容实质准确地表达出来1、从词义角度看，引申可分为：---抽象化引申：对原文中某些字面意义明确的具体的词，采用汉语中的含义抽象、概括的词语来表达出来，如：I’machildinthesematters.对于这种事我毫无经验。Ignoranceisthemotheroffearaswellasofsuperstition.愚昧是迷信之源，也是恐惧之源。Ifamanemptieshispurseintohishead,nomancantakeitawayfromhim,aninvestmentinknowledgealwayspaysthebestinterest.倾己所有追求知识，没有人能夺走它；向知识投资，收益最佳。Purse引申为“金钱”Head引申为“知识”具体到抽象Thebottleisboiling.壶里的水开了。Thatmanisalwayschasingafterskirts.那个男子总在不断地追逐女人。---具体化引申：指用代表抽象概念或属性的词来表示一种具体事物时，用具体化的事物来表达，还其本来面目，使读者一目了然，如：ThecarinfrontofmestalledandImissedthegreen.我前头的那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯。Althoughhestillcontinuedtoberead,WilliamJameswasconsideredbysomeofhiscontemporariestobeascientificembarrassment.尽管仍然有人在阅读威廉.詹姆斯的著作，但他的一些同时代的人却认为他是一个在科学方面令人尴尬的人物。2、从句法层面来看，引申可分为：---根据逻辑需要进行的引申---根据语用需要而进行的引申---根据修辞而进行的引申NewYorkhasthepoorestmillionaires,thesmallestgreatmen,thehaughtiestbeggars,theplainestbeauties,thelowestskyscrapers,thedolefulestpleasuresofanytownIeversaw.纽约有的是最贫穷的百万富翁，最矮小的伟人，最目空一切的草包，最普通的美女，最低矮的摩天大楼和最令人悲哀的娱乐，这一切比我所见过的任何城市都有过之而无不及。纽约有的是心灵最空虚的百万富翁，人格最渺小的伟人，最目空一切的草包，最使人瞧不上眼的美女，最卑鄙龌龊的摩天大楼和最令人悲哀的娱乐，这一切比我所见过的任何城市都有过之而无不及。矛盾修辞法英语词语所需引申方知其义，因为英语里词语的意义多取决于语境：Youknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.Wordsdonothavemeaning,butpeoplehavemeaningforthem.（词本无义，义随人生）英汉互译中1、要确定一个词的具体意义，往往需要在该词的语境中找出影响该词义引申的因素，即该词在该语境中所具有意义的理据。2、当译者找到词义引申的理据时，该词的意义就会由原来空泛、笼统的意义变为具体、明确的意义。TheratherarrestingspectacleoflittleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapersistheverysymboloftheincessantstrugglebetweenthekimonoandtheminiskirt.在那米黄色混凝土摩天大楼丛中，漂浮着小巧玲珑古色古香的日本水上人家。这情景颇有点儿引人瞩目；恰好象征着和服和超短裙之间持续不断的斗争。Television,themostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth,ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.电视，这种从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和世界。英语中有些动词，如manage,continue,promise等，在其后接动词不定式时，这些动词本身不承载主要信息，它们往往用以说明其后面动词不定式中动词的形式方式或时间，因此它们的功能相当于一个助动词Hemanagedtocarrytheheavysuitcaseintothehousealone.他好不容易一个人把那只很重的箱子搬进了屋子。Thedresssetofftoperfectiontheseventeen-inchwaist,thesmallestinthreecounties,andtightlyfittingbasqueshowedbreastswellmaturedforhersixteenyears.她的17英寸的腰围，在附近三个县里算是最细的了，这身衣服把她的细腰束得尽善尽美，年方16岁的她，乳房已经十分丰满，那紧而贴身的小马甲，更使其跃然显现。QingmingFestivalTheQingming(PureBrightness)Festivalisoneofthe24seasonaldivisionpointsinChina,fallingonApril4-6eachyear.Afterthefestival,thetemperaturewillriseupandrainfallincreases.Itisthehightimeforspringplowingandsowing.ButtheQingmingFestivalisnotonlyaseasonalpointtoguidefarmwork,itismoreafestivalofcommemoration.TheQingmingFestivalseesacombinationofsadnessandhappiness.Thisisthemostimportantdayofsacrifice.BoththeHanandminorityethnicgroupsatthistimeoffersacrificestotheirancestorsandsweepthetombsofthedeceased.Also,theywillnotcookonthisdayandonlycoldfoodisserved.OneachQingmingFestival,allcemeteriesarecrowdedwithpeoplewhocametosweeptombsandoffersacrifices.Trafficonthewaytothecemeteriesbecomesextremelyjammed.Thecustomshavebeengreatlysimplifiedtoday.Afterslightlysweepingthetombs,peopleofferfood,flowersandfavoritesofthedead,thenburnincenseandpapermoneyandbowbeforethememorialtablet.Incontrasttothesadnessofthetombsweepers,peoplealsoenjoyhopeofSpringonthisday.TheQingmingFestivalisatimewhenthesunshinesbrightly,thetreesandgrassbecomegreenandnatureisagainlively.Sinceancienttimes,peoplehavefollowedthecustomofSpringoutings.Atthistimetouristsareeverywhere.PeoplelovetoflykitesduringtheQingmingFestival.KiteflyingisactuallynotlimitedtotheQingmingFestival.Itsuniquenessliesinthatpeopleflykitesnotduringtheday,butalsoatnight.Astringoflittlelanternstiedontothekiteorthethreadlooklikeshiningstars,andtherefore,arecalledgod'slanterns.DragonBoatFestivalTheDragonBoatFestival,the5thdayofthe5thlunarmonth,hashadahistoryofmorethan2,000years.ItisusuallyinJuneintheGregoriancalendar.Therearemanylegendsabouttheevolutionofthefestival,themostpopularofwhichisincommemorationofQuYuan(340-278BC).QuYuanwasministeroftheStateofChuandoneofChina'searliestpoets.InfaceofgreatpressurefromthepowerfulQinState,headvocatedenrichingthecountryandstrengtheningitsmilitaryforcessoastofightagainsttheQin.Inhisexileddays,hestillcaredmuchforhiscountryandpeopleandcomposedimmortalpoemsincludingLiSao(TheLament),TianWen(HeavenlyQuestions)andJiuGe(NineSongs),whichhadfar-reachinginfluences.In278BC,heheardthenewsthatQintroopshadfinallyconqueredChu'scapital,sohefinishedhislastpieceHuaiSha(EmbracingSand)andplungedhimselfintotheMiluoRiver,claspinghisarmstoalargestone.Thedayhappenedtobethe5thofthe5thmonthintheChineselunarcalendar.Afterhisdeath,thepeopleofChucrowdedtothebankoftherivertopaytheirrespectstohim.Thefishermensailedtheirboatsupanddowntherivertolookforhisbody.Peoplethrewintothewaterzongzi(pyramid-sha