污染场地土壤通用评估基准建立的理论和常用模型

陈梦舫1,2,骆永明1,2,3,宋静1,2,李春平1,2,吴春发1,2,罗飞1,2,韦婧1,2(1.中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008;2.中国科学院研究生院,北京100049;3.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003):,(C-RAG),,,:;;;;:X820.4:A:1006-2009(2011)03-0019-07TheoryandCommonlyusedModelsfortheDerivationofSoilGenericAssessmentCriteriaforContaminatedSitesCHENMengfang1,2,LUOYongming1,2,3,SONGJing1,2,LIChunping1,2,WUChunfa1,2,LUOFei1,2,WEIJing1,2(1.KeyLaboratoryofSoilEnvironmentandPollutionRemediation,InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu210008,China;2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China;3.YantaiInstituteofCoastalZoneResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Yantai,Shandong264003,China)Abstract:DerivationofsoilGenericAssessmentCriteriaforcontaminatedsitesisdependantonsocialandeconomicdevelopmentofacountry.Howeverfromhistoricperspectiveandfuturetrend,riskbasedapproachhasbeenadoptedtoderivecontaminatedlandassessmentcriteriainternationally.ChineseRiskAssessmentGuideline(CRAG)isnowbeingconsideredforpublicationindicatingthatChinahasadoptedariskbasedframeworkforthemanagementandregulationofcontaminatedsites.Thispaperreviewstheoryandcommonlyusedmodelsincalculatingriskbasedassessmentcriteria.Modelframeworkfortheassessmentofcontaminatedsiteshasbeenrecommended.ParticularattentionhasbeenpaidtoderivetheintegratedsoilassessmentcriteriathatconsiderthepresenceofNonAqueousPhaseLiquid(NAPL)andnonsoilbackgroundexposure.Keywords:Genericassessmentcriteria(GAC);Riskbasedcorrectiveaction(RBCA);Contaminatedlandexposureassessment(CLEA);Analyticalintegrationprocedure(AIP);Riskassessmentprotocol(RAP):2011-04-25:(KZCX2-YW-BR-19);(2010467016,201009032,201109017):(1964),,,,,2012,CIWEM,Emai:[e-mail],,,,,,,1923320116,,,,,1,24,,4,(RiskAssessmentProtocol),4[1-2],,,1.1暴露评估(ADEs,AverageDailyIntake),(1)[2]:ADEs=tj=1rn=1IRnjEFnjEDnjATnjBWj=Cstj=1mo=1Rjo+Cstj=1npv=1Rjpv(1),Cs,mg/g;IR(ChemicalIntake),g/d;EF(ExposureFrequency),d/a;ED(ExposureDuration),a;AT(AveragingTime),d;BW(BodyWeight),kg;j;o;pv;r=o+pv,,,,,[3-5],(ADEs)1.2评估非土壤背景的日均暴露剂量ADEs,(MDI,MedianDailyIntake)[4]MDI,g/d(2)(3)(ADEMDI)[2]ADEoMDI=MDIotj=1EFEDCFojATBWj(2)ADEiMDI=MDIitj=1EFEDCFijATBWj(3),ADEoMDIADEiMDI,g/(kgd);MDIoMDIiMDI,g/d;CF(ChildhoodCorrectionFactor)MDI,CF1,CLEA-SR3[4]365d1.3毒理评估,(HCV,HealthCriteriaValue)()(TDSI,TolerableDailySoilIntake),()(ID,IndexDose)(TDI,TolerableDailyIntake),TDSITDIADEMDI(TDSI=TDI-ADEMDI)TDSIID,(BW)[g/(kgBWd)]TDIIDGAC(),(),(TDI)IRIS(IntegratedRiskInformationSystem)(RfD,ReferenceDose),RfD,TDICLEA,20233.20116,(OSF,OralSlopeFactor)(URF,UnitRiskFactor),ID[g/(kgd)]CLEA,(110-5),GAC(GenericAssessmentCriteria)1.4风险表征()ADE(ADE/HCV),(HI,HazardIndex),(ForwardCalculation)1,;1,,1.5土壤通用基准GACint的推导GACint(BackwardCalculation),GACint(HI)1ASTMRBCAE2081[3]CLEA-SR3[4],,TDSIIDTDSIID,(4)GACintGACinttj=1mo=1RjoTDIo-ADEoMDI+GACinttj=1npv=1RjpvTDIi-ADEiMDI=1(4)GACinttj=1mo=1Rjo=ADEosGACinttj=1npv=1Rjpv=ADEisADEGACint,(ADES+MDI)(5),ADES+MDI=ADEoMDI+ADEiMDI+GACint(ij=1mo=1Rjo+ij=1npv=1Rjpv)(5)2GACint(4),GACint32.1简化综合计算方法(SimplifiedIntegrationProcedure),GAC,,(AnalyticalintegrationProcedure)GACsimGACGAC(),GACsimGACint(1),,GACsim1,2(1),,1GACFig.1ComparisonofthesimplifiedandintegratedapproachesforthederivationoftheintegratedsoilGAC21233.201162.2背景暴露的限制CLEA50%,GACint[1-2,4]ADEoMDIADEiMDITDI,(4),ADEoMDIADEiMDITDI,(4)TDIADEMDITDSI,,[2(a)],GACTDSI,GAC[2-3],CLEA50%50%,ADEMDIGACADE,50%[2(b)],(6)50%:ADEoMDIADEos1ADEiMDIADEis1ADEoMDI+ADEiMDIGACinttj=1mo=1Rjo+GACinttj=1npv=1Rjpv(6)250%Fig.2Illustrationofthe50%ruleonbackgroundexposure2.3GACint超过土壤饱和限度,(7)(8)Cstaw=S(w+Kocfoc+Ha)(7)Cstaw=iPvMRT(w+Kocfoc+Ha)H(8),Csatw,mg/kg;Csatv,mg/kg;S,mg/L;w;a;,g/cm3;Koc,L/kg;foc;H;Pv,Pa;M,g/mo;lR,(Pam3)/(molK);T,K;i,(7)(8)GACint,GACint(3)22233.201163ADEFig.3RelationofthesoilADEversussoilconcentration(Cs),,,ADE,,ADE,,ADE(3)GACintADE(3),3Chen[1-2]GACint150%GACint,250%GACint()[5]GACint,1Table1Summaryofanalyticalintegrationprocedureunderthelinearpartition50%(9a)GACint=1031(ad-g)+(b+ce-f)50%:(10a)GACint=1032ae-2af+(b+c)da(b+c)-2ae-2af+(b+c)da(b+c)2-4(de-df)a(b+c)250%:(11a)GACint=1032d(b+c)-2g(b+c)+aea(b+c)-2d(b+c)-2g(b+c)+aea(b+c)2-4(de-ge)a(b+c)250%:(12a)GACint=1032d(b+c)+2ae3a(b+c)-2d(b+c)+2ae3a(b+c)2-4de3a(b+c)2,a=tj=1mo=1Rjo,b=tj=1qp=1Rjp,c=tj=1sv=1Rjv,d=TDIo,e=TDIi,f=ADEiMDI,g=ADEoMDI;103(GACintmg/gmg/kg)23233.201162ADETable2SummaryofanalyticalintegrationprocedureswithADEforvapourpathwayscappedbysoilsaturationlimits50%(9b)GACint=103e-f-hcb+a(e-f)(d-g)50%:(10b)GACint=1032ae-2af+db-ahcab-2ae-2af+db-ahcab2-42de-2df-dhcab250%:(11b)GACint=1032db+ac-ahc-2gbab-2db+ac-ahc-2gbab2-4(d-g)(e-2hc)ab250%:(12b)GACint=1032db+2ac-3ahc3ab-2db+2ac-3ahc3ab2-4(de-2dhc)3ab2,abcdefg1,h=Csat;103(GACintmg/gmg/kg)1,(9a),(10a)(12a)50%(10a),ADE;(11a),ADE;(12a),ADE50%,(9a),ADEChen[1],(10a)(12a)(9a)(12a)GACint,ADE,(3)(9a)(12a)(9b)(12b),(2)4RBCA[6]CLEA[7]BPRisc[8],5(3),MODFLOW[9]RT3D[10]MT3DMS[11],,,SADA(SpatialAnalysisandDecisionAssistant)[12]HERA-SOIL-GIS[13],,,,PRO-UCL[14]CL:AIRECIEH[15],RESRAD[16]R-CLEA[17]3Table3Classificationoftypicalmodelsforestabl