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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 【2019中考复习】中考介词考点梳理
-1-中考介词考点梳理中考介词考点梳理介词是一种用来表示词语词之间、词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独做句子成分。介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词,如in,under,on,for,after等;短语介词指多个单词构成的介词,如infrontof,insteadof,farfrom等。介词短语与短语介词不同。介词短语指由“介词+名词/代词等”构成的短语,如atschool,bybus,onSunday等,在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。有些单词,既可以作介词,也可以作连词(作连词时,其后接句子),如after,before等;而有些单词,既可以作介词,也可以作副词,如above,below等。介词是中考试卷中的“常客”,从时间上看,年年都要考;从地点上看,每个地区都要考。考查介词的主要题目有:单项填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻译等。一、对时间介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语at①表示在某个时刻或是瞬间②用在节假日前表示“在……期间”③用于某些固定搭配Iusuallygetupathalfpastsix.BillgotalotofpresentsatChristmas.atnoon;atnight;atmidnighton表示在具体的某一天或具体到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等IlikevisitingfriendsonSundays.Theaccidenthappenedonarainyevening.in①用于月份、季节、年、年代、世纪等②泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上③“in+时间段”,表示“在……之后”,常用于一般将来时态inJanuary;insummer;inthe1990sinthemorning/afternoon/eveningShesaysthathermotherwillbeback____________________(两个小时后).during在……期间duringthesummerholidaysbefore在……之前Hewillbebackbeforesuppertime.after①“after+具体时刻”,表示“在……之后”②“after+时间段”不与将来时连用。afterthreeo’clock/lunch/AugustHewillarrive______(after/in)anhour.since后接时间点或过去时的句子,表示“自从……以来”HehastaughtEnglishsince2001.Ihaven’tseenhimsinceheleftlasttime.for后接时间段,表示“持续一段时间”Hehaslivedhereforeightyears.till/until①表示持续到某个时候②not…until…意为“直到……才”Itmaylasttill/untilnextFriday.Wecan’tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.fromfrom…to…意为“从……到……”WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.by①表示“在……之前”、“不迟于”②表示“到……为止”Youmustbeherebyteno’clocktomorrow.bytheendoflastyear/nextyear;bynow-2-中考介词考点梳理【中考例题】1.(2015连云港)Iwasborn______December17.ThisyearI’llholdabirthdaypartyforitathome.A.onB.atC.inD.by2.(2015四川凉山)—DoyouknowVictoryDayinChina?—Yes,it’s______September3rd______eachyear.IttellstheworldthatChinesepeoplelovepeaceandhatewars.Chinesepeoplewillneverforgetthehistory.A.in;onB.on;/C.at;/D.on;in3.(2015山东临沂)FormanyWesternpeople,theydrinkcoldwatereven______winter.A.onB.forC.atD.in4.(2015甘肃武威)—Thecharitywalkbegins______9:00.Don’tbelate.—Noproblem.A.atB.byC.inD.on5.(2015安徽)TheDragonBoatFestivalthisyearwillcome______fourdays.A.afterB.forC.duringD.in6.(2015菏泽短文填空)Afterwalkingaround________sometime,shecametoariver.7.(2015德州首字母填空)Hehasbeenawayfromhomes________twodaysago.8.(2015温州句子填空)TheHighlandMuseumisopenedeveryday______Monday.二、对地点、方位介词的考查介词图示意义例句1in在……之内Thestudentsarereadingintheclassroom.学生们在教室里读书。2on在……上面Theboatisontheriver.那条船在河上。3beneath在……下面(紧贴着表面)Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了。4over在……(正)上方Thereareseveralbridgesovertheriver.河上有好几座桥。5under在……(正)下方Theboatsailedunderthebridge.船在桥下行驶。6above在……上方Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.飞机在云上飞行。7below在……下方Thesunsinksbelowthehorizon.太阳沉没在地平线下。8by/beside在……旁边Tomissittingby/besidethewindow.汤姆坐在窗户的旁边。9near在……附近Idon’tneedacarbecauseIlivenearthecitycentre.我不需要汽车,因为我住在靠近市中心。-3-中考介词考点梳理介词图示意义例句10nextto紧挨……Mybestfriendsitsnexttomeinclass.上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。11behind在……后面Olivehidbehindatree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。12outside在……外面Heparkedhiscaroutsidethetheater.他把汽车停在剧场外面。13to到……去Wewalkedtothefruitshop.我们步行到水果店。14from从……来WetraveledtoLondonfromEdinburgh.我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。15(a)round围绕……Weallsataroundthetable.我们都围绕着桌子坐。16between在……之间(指二者)TheletterBisbetweenAandC.字母B在A和C之间。17among在……之间(指三者或三者以上)Thehousestandsamongthetrees.房子在树丛中。18across横过、越过(从表面跨过)Iftheroadisbusy,don’twalkacrossit.如果道路拥挤,就不要横穿马路。19through穿过……(从内部穿过)Wedrovethroughthetunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。20past/by从旁边经过/路过……Iwentpast/byabakeryonmywayhome.我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店。21onto到……上Themenliftthebasketsontothetrucks.人们把篮子运上卡车。22into到……里Theyputtheapplesintothebaskets.他们把苹果放进篮子里。23outof从……出来Don’tlookoutofthewindowinclass.上课时不要朝窗外看。24along沿着Walkalongthisstreet,thenturnleft,youcanseethepostoffice.沿着这条街走,然后向右拐,你就可以看到邮局。at,in,on表示地点的用法:①at表地点时,指空间位置上的某一点,后面常接小地方。如:atthebusstop;②in表地点时,指在某一立体空间范围内,后面接大地方。如:inshanghai;③on表地点时,指某物与另一物表面相接触,或与某地方接壤等。如:onthetable等。in,on,to表示方位的用法:①范围之内用in;②相邻、接壤用on;③不相邻或隔海相望用to。-4-中考介词考点梳理【中考例题】9.(2015江苏泰州)—IliketheweatherinKunming.It’swarmallyearlong.—Yes.Andthetemperaturestays______zeroallthetime.A.atB.belowC.aroundD.above10.(2015苏州)Incoldwinter,thetemperatureinHarbinoftenremains______zeroallday.A.aboveB.belowC.overD.under11.(2015益阳)Thebankis______thebookstoreandthepostoffice.A.atthefrontofD.amongC.betweenD.in12.(2015潍坊)Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswim______thelake.A.acrossB.belowC.overD.through13.(2015贵州铜仁)—Excuseme,whereisthebookstore?—Go______thebridge.You’llseeitonyourleft.A.onB.crossC.acrossD.through14.(2015黑龙江绥化)HeilongjiangProvinceis_____thenortheastofChina.A.toB.inC.onD.at15.(2014天津)Cambridgeisasmallcity______theeastofEngland.A.betweenB.withC.inD.under16.(2015南宁)Jimsitsbehindme,soIsit______him.A.atthetopofB.attheendofC.inthemiddleofD.infrontof三、对手段、方法介词的考查介词用法例句/常用短语by①by+交通工具:“乘坐交通工具”②bydoingsth.:“通过某种方式”Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.in①in+语言类名词:“用某种语言”②in+工具:“用某种工具或材料”CanyousayitinEnglish?Don’twriteitinpencil.Writeitinink.with①with+工具:“用某种工具或材料”②withthehelpof…:“在……的帮助下”Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.Withthehelpofhim,Iwonthematch.on通过某个设备Helistenstomusicontheradio.【中考例题】17.(2015江苏镇江)MaYun,theChairpersonofAlibabaGroup,hasmademuchmoney_____theInternet.A.throughB.alongC.acrossD.towards18.(2014上海)MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaichoosetogotowork_
本文标题:【2019中考复习】中考介词考点梳理
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