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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 经营企划 > 陈绍蕃-钢结构第四章答案
第四章4.1有哪些因素影响轴心受压杆件的稳定系数?答:①残余应力对稳定系数的影响;②构件的除弯曲对轴心受压构件稳定性的影响;③构件初偏心对轴心轴心受压构件稳定性的影响;④杆端约束对轴心受压构件稳定性的影响;4.3影响梁整体稳定性的因素有哪些?提高梁稳定性的措施有哪些?答:主要影响因素:①梁的侧向抗弯刚度yEI、抗扭刚度tGI和抗翘曲刚度wEI愈大,梁越稳定;②梁的跨度l愈小,梁的整体稳定越好;③对工字形截面,当荷载作用在上翼缘是易失稳,作用在下翼缘是不易失稳;④梁支撑对位移约束程度越大,越不易失稳;采取措施:①增大梁的侧向抗弯刚度,抗扭刚度和抗翘曲刚度;②增加梁的侧向支撑点,以减小跨度;③放宽梁的受压上翼缘,或者使上翼缘与其他构件相互连接。4.6简述压弯构件中等效弯矩系数mx的意义。答:在平面内稳定的计算中,等效弯矩系数mx可以把各种荷载作用的弯矩分布形式转换为均匀守弯来看待。4.10验算图示焊接工字形截面轴心受压构件的稳定性。钢材为Q235钢,翼缘为火焰切割边,沿两个主轴平面的支撑条件及截面尺寸如图所示。已知构件承受的轴心压力为N=1500kN。解:由支承条件可知0x12ml,0y4ml23364x1150012850025012225012476.610mm12122I3364y5001821225031.310mm1212I2225012500810000mmA6xx476.61021.8cm10000IiA,6yy31.3105.6cm10000IiA0xxx12005521.8li,0yyy40071.45.6li,翼缘为火焰切割边的焊接工字钢对两个主轴均为b类截面,故按y查表得=0.747整体稳定验算:3150010200.8MPa215MPa0.74710000NfA,稳定性满足要求。4.11解:先计算杆件截面特性对强轴x和弱轴y均为b类截面,查表得:满足整体稳定要求!验算板件稳定性翼缘的宽厚比为:1235122/1012.2(100.1)23.89ybtf腹板的高厚比为:0235200/633.3(250.5)94.45wyhtf因此板件局部稳定满足要求。xxy2-12×2501-8×500400040004000N9.13848.69008.12277.9120048.6622.260477.9625.59122.26041225125.591225.1025112206.062506.02512900,12000043423200yyyxxxyyxxyxyxililcmAIicmAIicmIcmIcmAcmlcml349.0miny2232152086200349.010450mmNfmmNANy4.13图示一轴心受压缀条柱,两端铰接,柱高为7m。承受轴心力设计荷载值N=1300kN,钢材为Q235。已知截面采用2[28a,单个槽钢的几何性质:A=40cm2,iy=10.9cm,ix1=2.33cm,Ix1=218cm4,y0=2.1cm,缀条采用∟45×5,每个角钢的截面积:A1=4.29cm2。试验算该柱的整体稳定性是否满足?解:柱为两端铰接,因此柱绕x、y轴的计算长度为:0x0y7mll224xx102622218402.19940.8cm22bIIAyxx9940.811.1cm240IiA0xxx70063.111.1li0yyy70064.210.9li220xx1x2402763.12765.124.29AA格构柱截面对两轴均为b类截面,按长细比较大者验算整体稳定既可。由0x65.1,b类截面,查附表得0.779,整体稳定验算:32130010208.6MPa215MPa0.77924010NfA所以该轴心受压的格构柱整体稳定性满足要求。4.15某压弯格构式缀条柱如图所示,两端铰接,柱高为8m。承受压力设计荷载值N=600kN,弯矩100kNmM,缀条采用∟45×5,倾角为45°,钢材为Q235,试验算该柱的整体稳定性是否满足?已知:I22aA=42cm2,Ix=3400cm4,Iy1=225cm4;[22aA=31.8cm2,Ix=2394cm4,Iy2=158cm4;∟45×5A1=4.29cm2。21yyx1x1x260解:①求截面特征参数截面形心位置:1231.826112mm260112148mm4231.8xx,24231.873.8cmA4x340023945794cmI224y2254211.215831.814.812616.952cmI该压弯柱两端铰接因此柱绕x、y轴的计算长度为:0x0y8mllxx57948.86cm73.8IiA,yy12616.95213.08cm73.8IiA0xxx80090.38.86li,0yyy80061.213.08li220yy1y73.82761.22763.124.29AA②弯矩作用平面内稳定验算(弯矩绕虚轴作用)由0y63.1,b类截面,查附表得0.7913y2110010600148726kN260260MNxNaa21600726126kNNNN说明分肢1受压,分肢2受拉,y31y112616.9521126.5cm11.2IWx223Ey220y2061073803425.9kN1.11.163.1EAN由图知,M2=0,1100kNmM,等效弯矩系数my210.650.350.65MMyxy1260xy2x1x245°36myy3y1yyEy600100.65100100.79173801126.51010.7916003425.91152.5MPa215MPaMNAWNNf因此柱在弯矩作用平面内的稳定性满足要求。③弯矩作用平面外的稳定性验算弯矩绕虚轴作用外平面的稳定性验算通过单肢稳定来保证,因此对单肢稳定性进行验算:只需对分肢1进行稳定验算。0x10y18m260mmll,x1x1134008.9cm42IiA,y1y112252.31cm42IiA0x1x1x180089.98.9li,0y1y1y12611.32.31li单肢对x轴和y轴分别为a、b类截面,查附表得:x1y10.7150.99,31x1172610241.8MPa215MPa0.7154200NfA因此柱在弯矩作用平面外的整体稳定性不满足要求。4.17焊接简支工字形梁如图所示,跨度为12m,跨中6m处梁上翼缘有简支侧向支撑,材料为Q345钢。集中荷载设计值为P=330kN,间接动力荷载,验算该梁的整体稳定是否满足要求。如果跨中不设侧向支撑,所能承受的集中荷载下降到多少?解:①梁跨中有一个侧向支承点11600021.413280lt,需验算整体稳定跨中弯矩x33012990kNm44PLM3264x181000228014507268210mm12I334y10001821428051264000mm1212I22280141000815840mmAyy5126400056.89cm15840IiA0yyy6000235105.471209956.89345li,所以不能用近似公式计算b60006000P-280×14-1000×8x-280×1463xx12682105218015.6mm514IWy查附表15,跨度中点有一个侧向支承点、集中荷载作用在截面高度高度上任意位置,b1.752y1bbb2yxy22432023514.44320158401028105.47142351.7511.520.6105.475218015.64.41028345tAhWhf需对b进行修正,bb1.070.2821.070.2821.520.8846xbx99010214.6MPa310MPa0.8845218015.6MfW该梁的整体稳定性满足要求。②梁跨中没有侧向支承点0yyy12000210.9456.89li11112000140.5862.02801024ltbh梁跨中无侧向支承点,集中荷载作用在上翼缘,则有:b0.730.180.730.180.5860.8352y1bbb2yxy22432023514.44320158401028210.94142350.83510.205210.945218015.64.41028345tAhWhfxxxbx310MPa331.6kNm0.2055218015.6MMfMWx44331.6110.5kN12MPL所以,如果跨中不设侧向支撑,所能承受的集中荷载下降到110.5kN。4.18题:如图所示两焊接工字型简支梁截面,其截面积大小相同,跨度均为12m,跨间无侧向支承点,均布荷载大小相同,均作用于梁的上翼缘,钢材为Q235,试比较说明何者稳定性更好。解:均布荷载作用,受弯构件的弯扭失稳,计算其整体稳定性。(1)、梁的跨中最大弯矩:2max81Mql;梁的几何特征参数如下:mmlllyx12000000;221600101200216300mmA;493310989.4)12002901232300(121mmIx;36910099.81232210989.42mmhIWxx;mmAIixx6.4802160010989.49;47331021.7)101200230016(121mmIy;35710807.430021021.72mmhIWyyy;mmAIiyy8.57216001021.77;61.2078.57120000yyyil;梁的整体稳定系数b,52.012323001612000111hbtl,758.013.069.0b,2928.0235235]0)12324.41661.207(1[10099.832212160061.2074320758.0235])4.4(1[4320262212ybyxybbfhtWAh;mkNfWMxb85.50921510099.82928.06max,mmNmkNlq/33.28/33.281285.5098M822maxmax。(2)、梁的跨中最大弯矩:2max81Mql;梁的几何特征参数如下:mmlllyx12000000;221600101200220240mmA;493310013.5)12002301240240(121mmIx;36910086.81240210013.52mmhIWxx;473310618.4)101200224020(121mmIy;35710848.3240210618.42mmhIWyyy;mmAIiyy2.462160010618.47;74.2592.46120000yyyil
本文标题:陈绍蕃-钢结构第四章答案
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