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2.写出下列物质在水溶液中的质子条件。323242(1)NHHONHHONHOHHOHOH质子参考水平为:、4NHHOHccc质子条件为:4244323))(4(;)3(;)2(;)1(HPONHCNNHNaHCOOHNH223333334424(2)(3)(4)2HCOHCOOHHCNNHHOHNHHPOPOOHHHPOcccccccccccccc4.下列溶液加水稀释1倍,计算稀释前后pH值及变化△pH。(1)0.030mol.L-1HCl;解:HCl→H++Cl-稀释前:c(H+)=0.03mol.L-1pH=1.52稀释后:c(H+)=0.015mol.L-1pH=1.82△pH=0.30(2)2.0×10-3mol.L-1Ca(OH)2;稀释前:c(OH-)=4.0×10-3mol.L-1pH=11.60稀释后:c(OH-)=2.0×10-3mol.L-1pH=11.30△pH=-0.30(3)0.050mol.L-1NaOAc;解:稀释前:OAcHHOAc/105,10bbwcKcKK1464.74100.055.2410105.28,8.72wOHOAcHOAcKccKpOHpH稀释后:1464.74100.0253.7110105.43,8.578.578.720.15wOHOAcHOAcKccKpOHpHpH(4)0.10mol.L-1H3BO3;33106(1)0.15.8107.62105.12HBOHccKpH稀释前:稀释后:33106(1)0.055.8105.39105.270.15HBOHccKpHpH(5)0.050mol.L-1K2HPO4;7.2012.369.78231010109.780aaHcKKpHpH(6)0.10mol.L-1HOAc+0.10mol.L-1NaOAc;4.74104.740HOAcHOAcHOAcccKcpHpH6.下列三种缓冲溶液的pH值各为多少?如分别加入1mL2mol.L-1NaOH溶液,溶液的pH值各变为多少?(1)50mL1.0mol.L-1HOAc和1.0mol.L-1NaOAc溶液;11.01.01.050211.050215151HOAcHOAc-1-1()起始浓度/molL加NaOH后/molL'5510.9411.8101.66101.0204.78HOAcHOAcHOAcccKmolLcpH0.04pH511.810,4.74HOAcHOAcHOAcccKmolLpHc(2)50mL0.050mol.L-1HOAc和1.0mol.L-1NaOAc溶液;10.0501.00.0550211.050215151HOAcHOAc-1-1()起始浓度/molL加NaOH后/molL5710.0501.8109.0101.06.04HOAcHOAcHOAcccKmolLcpH'5710.00981.8101.7310,6.761.02HcmolLpH0.72pH(3)50mL0.050mol.L-1HOAc和0.05mol.L-1NaOAc溶液;10.0500.0500.0550210.0550215151HOAcHOAc-1-1()起始浓度/molL加NaOH后/molL5510.0501.8101.8100.0504.74HOAcHOAcHOAcccKmolLcpH'5610.00981.8102.010,5.700.0882HcmolLpH0.96pH结论:缓冲溶液在抗酸成分和抗碱成份相等且浓度较大时,才具有较大缓冲作用。1230.04,0.72,0.96pHpHpH7.需配制pH=5.2的溶液,应在1L0.01mol.L-1苯甲酸中加入多少克苯甲酸钠?解:苯甲酸~苯甲酸钠构成缓冲溶液,设需加入m克苯甲酸钠。5.215.210HaHpHcmolLccKc苯甲酸苯甲酸钠5.250.01106.210/14414.15mmg8.以0.1000mol.L-1HCl溶液滴定0.1000mol.L-1苯酚钠溶液,当滴定至0%、50%及100%时的pH值各为多少?应选用何种指示剂指示终点?解:0%:0.1mol.L-1苯酚钠溶液:14319.95100.12.9910,11.4810bOHccKmolLpH50%:苯酚-苯酚钠缓冲溶液:9.951109.95aHccKmolLpHc苯酚-苯酚钠=,100%:0.05mol.L-1苯酚溶液:9.95710.05102.3710,5.6aHccKmolLpH选酚酞为指示剂。10.标定NaOH溶液的物质的量浓度:称取基准物邻苯二甲酸氢钾0.4567g于锥形瓶中加水溶解,用待标定NaOH溶液滴定消耗22.34mL至终点,选用何种指示剂,计算NaOH溶液的浓度。解:NaOHnn邻苯二甲酸氢钾=13M0.45670.1001204.2322.3410NaOHNaOHmcVcmolL邻苯二钾酸氢钾邻苯二钾酸氢钾14516(2)100.15.06103.910wOHaKccmolLK化学计量点时:63.910邻苯二钾酸氢钾(2)K9.70pH,选用酚酞为指示剂。11.准确称取某一元弱酸(HA)纯试样1.2500g,溶于50.00mL水中,当加入0.09000mol·L-1NaOH标准溶液8.24mL时,溶液的pH=4.30,滴定至终点消耗NaOH标准溶液41.20mL。(1)求弱酸的摩尔质量M;(2)计算弱酸的解离常数;(3)求化学计量点时的pH值,并选择合适的指示剂指示终点。311.25000.0900041.2010337.1HAHAMMgmol2解:(1)HA+NaOHNaA+HO滴定终点时:3133134.301.25000.090008.2410337.10.05093(50.008.24)100.090008.24100.01273(50.008.24)100.01273101.20.05093AHAHAHAAmolLcmolLcKKc+HAH(2)当pH=4.30时,溶液为HANaA的缓冲溶液,则cc51314655101.2500337.1(3)0.04066(50.0041.2010100.040666.106108.791.2510bOHmolLcKpH--AA化学计量点时为NaH溶液:c=)c12.混合碱试样可能含有NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3中的一种或两种。准确称取该混合碱试样0.6500g,用0.2000的HCl标准溶液滴定,以酚酞为指示剂滴定至终点,消耗HCl溶液26.80mL,然后再加入甲基橙指示剂滴定至终点,又消耗HCl溶液22.00mL,判断混合碱的组成并计算各组分的质量分数。解:由于V1V2,混合碱为碳酸钠和氢氧化钠混合物233323NaCOHClNaHCONaClNaHCOHClHCONaCl233320.200022.00104.410NaCOHClncVmol3312()0.2000(26.8022.00)101.3610NaOHHClncVVmol23334.410105.99%100%71.75%0.65001.361040.00%100%8.37%0.6500NaCONaOHnMGnMG
本文标题:无机及分析化学 第四章习题答案
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