高中定语从句(答案版)(2016.4)(1)剖析

-1-定语从句学案和练习一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。eg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词二.关系词的分类1.关系代词：关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as2.关系副词关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why-2-三.关系代词的基本用法1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语，宾语，表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语（+n）as人或物主语、宾语、表语①who指人,在定语从句中作主语。Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.③which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.-3-Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)以下情况只能用that。①当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.②当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰-4-时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.④当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.⑤当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?（2）以下情况不用that：1.介词之后。指物用which，指人用whom.Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.HeisthestudentwithwhomIsit.2.引导非限制性定语从句IamreadingHarryPorter,whichisaninterestingbook.巩固练习1：用适当的关系词填空1).YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________Igaveher.-5-2).Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.3).Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.4).Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.5).Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.6).Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.7).Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.8)Thefirstlesson_______Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.9)All________wehavetodoistopracticeeveryday.10)Theytalkedofthingsandpersons__________theyrememberedintheschool.11)Themanto______IspokeisfromCanada.12)IamreadingHarryPorter,______isaninterestingbook.[答案]1.which/that2.whose3.who/that4.who/whom/that5.whose6.which/that7.which/that8.that9.that10.that11.whom-6-12.which四.关系副词的用法1.关系副词的基本用法关系副词指代的先行词充当从句的成分when表时间的名词/名词词组时间状语where表地点的名词/名词词组地点状语why表原因的名词原因状语①用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)-7-WorldWarⅡbrokeout.②用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.③用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“for+关系代词”。如：Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.④先行词是theway，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。Ididn'tliketheway_______________shetalkedtome.Theway_________________heteachesEnglish-8-isinteresting.（that/inwhich）（that/inwhich）巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空1)October1,1949wastheday________Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace_______Ilive.3)Isthisthereason________hedidn’twanttoseeme?4)Isthistheroom________wewerelivinglastwinter?5)Thedaysaregone_______weused“foreignoil”.6)Yesterday,wehadameeting_______wediscussedmanyproblems.[答案]1.when/onwhich2.where/inwhich3.why/forwhich4.where/inwhich5.when/duringwhich6.where/atwhich巩固练习3:对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1).Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.2).Iwillneverforgettheday_______________I-9-metyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.3).Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.4)..I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.I’llneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.5).Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.6).Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.Thisisthereason__________hegave。[答案]1.where/inwhich(that/which)2.when/onwhich(that/which)3.(that/which)why/forwhich4.when/inwhich(that/which)5.where/inwhich(which/that)6.why/forwhichthat/which-10-五、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.介词+关系代词（在句中作状语）=关系副词1）介词的选用考虑与先行词的搭配关系或与谓语动词的搭配习惯2）介词＋whom/whichTheschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.=ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.巩固练习4:用适当的关系词填空1.Mygrandpawasbornin1939______theWorldWarⅡbrokeout.2.KunMingisabeautifulplace______flowersareseenalltheyearround.3.Thesong,________weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight.-11-4.Heisthehero________weareproud.5.Thisisthecollege________we’llvisitafamousactor.6.Theearth________weliveisabigroundball.7.Doyoulikethebook________shespent$10?8.Doyoulikethebook________shepaid$10?9.Doyouliketheteacher__________shelearnedalot?10.Doyouliketheteacher___________wearetalking?[答案]1.inwhich/when2.inwhich/where3.inwhich4.ofwhom5.inwhich6.onwhich7.onwhich8.forwhich9.fromwhom10.aboutwhom2.名词/代词/数词+介词of+关系代词：T