高考英语阅读技巧-猜测词义杏

高考阅读技巧—猜测词义安溪六中林杏嫄主旨大意观点态度细节理解猜测词义推理判断篇章结构考查题型TeachingBackground阅读理解猜测词义1.Theunderlinedword“…”refersto(means).2.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?3.Whatisthemeaningof“…”asthewordsareusedinthetext?4.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?常见词义猜测题型常用词义猜测技巧一、依据上下文解释二、依据内在逻辑关系三、根据构词法猜测词义常用词义猜测技巧一、依据上下文解释1、利用定义线索2、利用解释说明线索3、利用举例线索一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧1、利用定义线索特征：常有be,becalled,mean,referto,bedefinedas等词语来提示。例1[,ænθrə’pɔlədʒi]Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.Anthropologymeans_________.人类学例2Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.Desertrefersto______.沙漠一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧2、利用解释说明线索特征：常有thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely,or等词语来提示或者利用同位语或定语从句。例1Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwatertheirfields.Toirrigatemeans______.注：or=mean表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系或为其同义词语例2Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Zoologistrefersto________.动物学家灌溉例3[si’mæntiks]Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.Semanticsmeans_______.语义学一、依据针对性解释常用词义猜测技巧3、利用举例线索特征：常有forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,标点符号等来提示。例1[,piəri’ɔdikəl]Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orTimes.Periodicalsmeans____________.期刊，杂志例2[si’lebriti]Likepeopleinanycountry,Americansenjoyfollowingthelivesofcelebrities:moviestars,sportsheroes,famousartists,politicians,andthelike.Theword“celebrities”means_____.名人常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系4、利用反义关系线索5、6、利用因果关系线索7、利用一般常识线索利用同义关系线索三常用词义猜测技巧4、利用反义关系线索特征：常有but,however,while,unlike,incontrast,onthecontrary,instead,despite等表示对比或反义的词语来提示。二、依据内在逻辑关系例1AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow．Hisbrother，incontrast，isquitehumble（谦虚的）andmodestsuperciliousmeans____________________.傲慢的，目空一切的例2ThoughTom'sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Grubbymeans__________.肮脏的常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系5、利用同义关系线索特征：常有and,or,like,similarly,also等表示词语来提示。例1Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth．Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful．detrimentalmeans_________________.有害的，不利的例2Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighbourallcalledheraneccentriclady.eccentricmeans____________.奇怪的常用词义猜测技巧6、利用因果关系线索二、依据内在逻辑关系特征：常以because,sothat,so/such…that等词汇及结构来体现。例1Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministrator（管理人员）becausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers．autocraticmeans____________.独断专行的例2Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow（浅的）.Turbidmeans__________.浑浊的常用词义猜测技巧二、依据内在逻辑关系特征：一般能够根据自己的生活经验及生活常识来判断词义。7、利用一般常识线索ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.60.Whatdoestheword“mimic”inParagraph1probablymean?A.FindB.CopyC.ChangeD.Lose2012年辽宁卷UsingWordFormation(构词法）prefixsuffixcompounding三、根据构词法猜测词义常用词义猜测技巧anti---againstco---together,withdis/im/in/il/ir-notinter---betweenmulti---manypost---afterpre/fore---beforere---againunder--over--常用前缀prefixantiwarcoauthorillegal/irregularintercommunicationmultinationalpostwarprepayrecycleunderlineovercareful-ion/-tion/-ation-ness/-ment-ism--able/-ible/-ble-ous/-ious-less常用后缀suffixcorrectionselflessnesssocialismavailableinfectiouscountlesscomeoutoutstanding合成词也称复合词，顾名思义，就是由两个或两个以上的词合在一起构成的词，分别用做形容词或名词.earthshakingchangesoutcomestandout=changeswhichshaketheearth合成词：compoundn.“结果”adj.“突出的”翻天覆地的变化例1Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.impassablemeans______________.无法通过的例2SaintValentine'sDayisatimeofhappinessforlovers．Boysliketogivegirlsflowersaspresents．Onthatday，hecametoseemewithaforget-me-notinhishand．forget-me-notmeans____________.勿忘我Ⅲ.Summary小结方法二：依据内在逻辑关系定义，解释或举例同义，近义关系反义关系因果关系经验常识prefixsuffixcompounding词不离句，句不离篇方法一:依据上下文解释构词法方法三：小试身手：1．Archaeologyisthestudyoftheburiedremainsofancienttimes,suchashouses,pots,toolsandweapons.A.地理学B.生态学C.心理学D.考古学2．ThoughMr.Smithhasbeengeneralmanagerforjustthreemonths,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上级B.前任C.同事D.下级3．Thefootballgamewasgettingmoreandmoreexciting,however,theoldladywasstillasdozyassheusuallywas.A.昏昏欲睡的B.亢奋的C.欣喜若狂的D.麻木的4.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的DBAB2012年全国卷二D篇TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.54.Whatdothewords“areplica”inParagraph2referto?A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.B.AphotographofLucyC.Acopyoftheskeleton.D.AwrittenrecordofLucy(2012重庆B)Forseveraldays,IheardMumandDaywhisperingsuchwordsas''hopeless,pitiful,anddying'',whichsoundedominous.57.Whatdoestheunderlinedword''ominousinParagraph3probablymean?A.Impossible.B.Boring.C.Difficult.D.Fearful(2009年全国卷ⅡA)Iknowwhatyouarethinking:Pizza(比萨饼)？Forbreakfast?Butthetruthisthatyoucanhavelastnight’sleftoversinthea.mifyouwantto.leaveover遗留，剩下leftovern.剩下的东西leftoverTheword“leftovers”probablymeans______.A.foodremainingafteramealB.thingsleftundoneC.mealsmadeofvegetablesD.pizzatopp