新版新目标英语八年级下册unit1知识点总结

Unit1.what’sthematter?SectionA1.What’sthematter?怎么啦？出什么事情了？(1)mattern.问题；事情What’sthematterwithyou?=What’sthetroublewithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?你怎么了？matter和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong是adj.不能加the用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用What’sthematterwithsb?=What’syourtrouble?=What’sup?=Whathappenstosb.?(2)matterv要紧，有关系用于否定句或疑问句中Itdoesn’tmatter.没关系（用来回答别人道歉时的用语）DoesitmatterifI’malittlelate?(3)asamatteroffact=infact事实上,实际上2.foot---feet脚复tooth---teeth牙齿复3.havea/an+疾病名词患……病(cold/fever/cough)haveacold=catchacold感冒haveafever发烧haveasorethroat喉咙疼haveasoreback背疼haveastomachache胃痛haveatoothache牙痛haveaheadache头痛haveabackache背痛haveaearache耳朵痛4.backn背；背部atthebackof......在......的后面adv回原处往回去go/comeback返回giveback归还5.handn手handinhand手拉手v交给；传递handin上交handon依次传递handout分发6.toomuch+不可数名词太多的…修饰动词，放在动词之后WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.muchtoo+形/副实在太…极其，非常toomany+可数名词复数太多的…7.enough(1)adj.足够的，充分的修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后enoughtime(2)adv.足够地，十分，相当修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv后expensiveenough(3)be+adj.+enoughtodosthbestrongenoughtocarrythebox.8.withprep(1)具有，带有,表示某物带有或具有某种特征（反）withouthotteawithhoney加蜜的热茶teawithsugar加糖的茶coffeewithsugar加糖的咖啡Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Sheisagirlwithlonghair.(2)prep.和......一起talkwithsbIliketotalkfreelywithmyfriends.(3)prep用......，使用某种工具Cutitwithaknife.Writewithapen(4)状语Hecameinwithabigsmile.9.Whatshouldshedo?她该怎么办呢？ShouldItakemytemperature?我应该量一下体温吗？should应该情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务shouldnot=shouldn’t不应该主语+should/shouldn’t+动词原形...takeone’stemperature量体温10.needv需要用于肯定句是实义动词need情态动词，仅用于否定结构和疑问句或if/whether引导的宾语从句态动词(1)needsth需要某物Ineedyourhelp.(2)人做主语sbneedtodosth某人需要做某事Doyouneedtodrinkmorewater?(3)物做主语sthneeddoingsth=sthneedtobedone表被动(4)needn’t=don’thaveto没有必要must,need引导的疑问句肯定回答用MustIhanditintoday?No.you____.Youcandoittomorrow.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tMustIfinishmyhomeworknow?No,you______.Youcangohomenow.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.can’tMustIstartnow?No,you_______A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tNeedIgotoschool?--Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.11.IthinkIsatinthesamewayfortoolongwithoutmoving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。withoutdoingsth.没有做某事、没做某事Iletthedayawaywithoutdoinganythingatall.我一点事也没干就让一天过去了。Thestormpassedoffwithoutdoingmuchdamage.暴风雨过去了，没有造成多大灾害。12.lie/lai/v.(lay/lei/)躺；平躺lie→lay→lainv躺卧(现在分词lying).lie→lied→liedv撒谎(现在分词lying).lay→laid→laidv下蛋，产卵(现在分词laying).liedown躺下liedownandrest躺下休息13.neckn.颈；脖子neckandneck不分上下，势均力敌hurtv.使痛；受伤表示肉体感到疼痛或不适，使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。Myleghurts.14.see（saw,seen）v看见seesb.dosth看见某人做某事（看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生，强调整个过程）seesb.doingsth看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在发生）15.along/down相同点：prep顺着；沿着不同点：along强调顺着水平方向down指“沿着……下坡或者往南走16.geton--getoff上下大型交通工具（bus,train,plane）getinto—getoutof进入/出来小型交通工具（car,taxi,lift）getup起床getback回来；取回getover克服；度过geton／alongwellwith与……相处融洽getinaword插话getto到达17.haveto客观需要don’thaveto不需要must主观必要mustn’t不准，禁止haveto多种时态，有单三18.surprise(1)v使吃惊→surprisingadj.令人吃惊的→surprisedadj.吃惊的surprisesb使某人吃惊Thebadnewssurprisedme.besurprisedat对……感到吃惊besurprisedtodosth做某事而感到惊讶besurprised+that从句因...而惊讶(2)n惊讶toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是insurprise吃惊地toone’sjoy/disappointment/satisfacation19.agreev→(反)disagree–agreementn同意(1)agreewithsb.同意某人Iagreewithyou.(2)agreetodosth同意做某事(3)agreeonsth20.thanksto多亏；由于(1)thanksto习语介词，thanks不可改为thankyou，to后也不接动词原形，to表示感谢的对象(2)thanksfor因……而感谢，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ing(3)Thanks=thankyou21.ontime准时intime及时ontime=atexactlytherighttime.准时（在规定的时间之内）强调与某个时刻一致intime=withenoughtimetospare/notlate及时（恰在时间点上）表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生attimes=sometimes有时haveagoodtime玩得高兴havetime=befree有空allthetime一直atthesametime同时bythetime到……时候forthefirsttime第一次It’stimetodosth=It’stimeforsth是该做某事的时间了Ittakessb.sometimetodosth做某事花费某人多长时间satonce“立刻；马上”；ontime“按时”；byaccident“偶然”；atpresent“目前;现在”。22.trouble/'trʌbl/n.问题；苦恼getintotrouble造成麻烦（或烦恼）beintrouble处于困境中havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事有困难Thatisamonkeyonhisback.Let’shelphim.C沉重负担A.HehasamonkeyB.HelikesplayingwiththemonkyC.HeisintroubleD.Heisgoodatstudying23.反身代词(1)反身代词的构成第一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数myselfyourself复数ourselvesyourselves第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves单数：himselfherselfitself复数：themselves(2)反身代词的常见搭配：enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime玩得高兴teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学byoneself=alone独自helponeselfto随便吃introduceoneselfto自我介绍(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。24.fall→fell→fallenv落下；跌落falldown摔倒，强调滑倒，摔倒，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾语时，应加上介词fromShefelldownfromherbikefalloff指从某物上跌落下来。Thegirlfelloffthebike.=Thegirlfelldownfromthebike.fallinto落入Theleaffellintotheriver.fallbehind落后fallinlovewithsb.爱上某人fallasleep入睡SectionB1.feelsick生病；不舒服sick/illadj.生病的(1)sickadj.生病的，既可放be(系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。besickof…讨厌；厌恶……sickperson=patient病人(2)illadj.生病的，只能放be(系动词)后作表语，beillinhospital生病住院ill→illnessn.“病；疾病”2.beinterestedininterest(1)n兴趣→interestingadj.令人有兴趣的（表语/定语）→interestedadj.对……感兴趣（只做表语）(2)interestv.引起……关注；使……感兴趣beinterestedinsth./doingsth.对……变得感兴趣=showgreatinterestinsth./doingsth.表现出对……的极大兴趣;(3)take/haveaninterestin=beinterestedin对……感兴趣(4)placesofinterest名胜loseinterestin失去兴趣3.asprep作为，以……身份4.beusedto(doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）(1)usev.使用→usefuladj.有用的useup用完(2)usesthtodosth用某物做某事(3)usedtodosth过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。(4)be/getusedt