动词时态和语态课件

VerbGrammarVerb前言动词的使用是世界各种语言的核心，研究动词、使用动词是学习语言、使用语言的头等任务一、SomeConceptsofVerb1.■及物动词：能接宾语的动词。■不及物动词：不能接宾语的动词。Ourcountrycanmakeaman-madesatellite.Herunsfast.注意：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.2.■.瞬间动词：diejoinmarryreachopen■延续性动词：workmakestudysleep注意：瞬间动词用于完成时态时不能与for/since+time状语连用。Hehasmarriedherforthreeyears.HehasjoinedthearmysinceyoucamehereHemarriedherthreeyearsago.Hehasbeeninthearmysinceyoucamehere.3.■.动词后加s/es:在一般现在时态，动词为行为动词，人称为单数第三人称，动词后要加s/es.(方法与名词一样）HeusuallywatchesTVateightintheevening,Thattreegrowsaninchtallayear.4.■..动词的形式●原形●现在式●过去式样●过去分词●现在分词dodo/doesdiddonedoingwatchwatch(es)watchedwatchedwatchinggetget/getsgotgotgetting二、Thekindsofverb(动词的种类)（1）行为动词（Notionalverb)：sleepsingjumpsit(2)系动词(Linkverb)：bebecomeseem(3)情态动词（Modalverb)：canmustmayshould（4）助动词（Auxiliaryverb):dobewill/shallhave■BasicUsages(基本用法)（1）行为动词（Notionalverb)在句中做谓语。WelearnEnglishtopasstheexamination(2)系动词(Linkverb)系动词+表语=谓语常见系动词：bebecomeseem其它：Verb+adj.=系动词+表语Shelooksverybeautiful.Iamlookingatthemap.■情态动词（Modalverb)(略)■助动词（Auxiliaryverb)基本用法：助动词+动词的某种形式=谓语用法1:do(does,did)帮助构成否定句和问句。WecomeheretostudyEnglisheveryFridayevening.Wedon’tcomeheretostudyEnglisheveryFridayevening.DoyoucomeheretostudyEnglisheveryFridayevening?用法2:帮助构成各种时态●be+doing构成进行时态Listen,theyarelisteningtotheVoiceofAmerica.HewaswatchingTVatsevenyesterdayevening.●will/shall/would/should+do构成将来时态。WeshallreceivetheDoctor’sDegree.Theywillsendupaman-madesatellite.Hesaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.●Have(has)/had+done构成完成时态Theyhavelivedherefortwoyears.Theyhadputuptwopowerstationsbytheendoflastyear.用法3：帮助构成被动语态被动语态：be+doneYouhavebeentaughtbyMrYuforayear.WearemadetostudyEnglish.Thebuildingsarebeingbuiltbytheworkers.三.TheTense(时态）1.Thesimplepresenttense(一般现在时态）：用动词的现在式用法：1）表示经常反复发生的动作或状态。2）表示真理或客观规律。3）在条件、时间状语从句中。4）表示日历或时间表安排的内容。Iusuallystayuplateatnightbecauseofmyheavywork.WeareallstudentsnowTheearthgoesaroundthesun.Whenhecomesbacktomorrow,Iwillletyouknowthetruth.Ifyouseeme,willyoutellhimtoringmeup?HetellsmethatFlight23takesoffatseventomorrow.2.Thesimplepasttense(一般过去时态)用动词的过去式用法：表示过去的动作或状态，讲述过去的事实。IstudiedinAmericawhenIwasinmyteens.IwasverypoorwhenIwasyoung.常见的过去时间状语：yesterday(evening,morning,afternoon)last(night,week,month,year)threedaysago,theotherday,justnow,then,in1991注意●表示过去经常发生的动作常用usedto+do或would+do表达。Iusedtosmoke,butnowIhavegivenitup.Theoldwomanwouldstayathomethinkingaboutsomethingalldaylong.●在before和after引导的从句已经表明了时间的先后关系，所以用过去时态代替过去完成时态。HesaidnothingbeforehesawMr.Smith.=HehadsaidnothingbeforehesawMr.Smith.3.TheFutureTenseVerbformation：will/shall+do表示单纯的将来begoingto+do强调近期的计划、打算或安排beto+do表示预先的计划或说话人的意志、命令等。be+coming(leaving,arriving等）表示1）即将发生的动作2）近期的计划或安排beabout+todo表示很近的将来，有“即将、快要”的意思一般现在时态1）表示按规定或预计要发生的事情。2）用于时间、条件等从句中。例如：1.TheywillflytoBeijing.2.Wearegoingtovisitachemistryplantnextweek.3.Justaminute,thebusiscoming.4.Theyaretocomeintwodays.5.YouaretostayheretillIreturn.(Youmuststayhere)6.Wewereabouttostartoutwhenitbegantorain.7.FlightHItakesoffateighttomorrow.4.ThePresentContinuousTenseVerbformation:be+doingConcept:●表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在进行的动作。ThePastContinuousTense:●表示过去某一特定时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。Look,theyareplayingfootball.Theywereseeingfilmateightlastnight.注意:1.bealwaysdoing表示一种感情色彩。Heisalwayshelpingothers.2.be+going(leaving/coming/arriving…)表示将来。Ididn’tknowyouwerecominguntilyesterday.5.ThePerfectTense■ThePresentPerfectTenseVerbFormation:have+done■Concept:现在完成时态说明过去到现在为止已发生的动作或已有的经验，并对现在有影响。Ihavereadthisbook.(NowIknowsth.aboutthebook.)Ihaveworkedonteachingequipmentforyears.(NowIknowhowtomaketeachingequipment)常见句型：1。S+havedone+for+一段时间（severaltimes)2.S+havedone+since(since+clause)3.It’s(hasbeen)+time+since+clause4.It’sthefirsttime+S+havedone.●Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears.●Hehasbeenthereseveraltimes.●It’sfiveyearssincehemarriedher.●It’sthefirsttimeIhaveseensuchabeautifulpark.常见状语：●duringthelastthreemonths,●inthepast/lastthreeyears,●sofar,uptonow,tillnow●recently,already,yet.●thesedays1.Ihaven’theardthenewssofar.2.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttwentyyears.3.Ihavealreadyhadmysupper.4.Ihaven’tseenyouthesedays.注意：1.瞬间动词用于完成时态时不能与for/since+time状语连用2.与过去时态的比较现在完成时态说明过去到现在为止已发生的动作强调对现在有影响。过去时态表示过去曾发生过的事情。●Hehaslivedherefortenyears●Helivedheretenyearsago,●Wherehaveyouputmypurse?●Wheredidyouputmypurse?3,现在完成时态表示将来。●Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.●Hewillgohomewhenhehassoldallthenewspaper4.havebeento去过havegoneto去了●JohnhasbeentoAmerica.(Perhapsheishere)●Johnhasgonetotheclinic.(Heisnothere)5.before与完成时态连用。ago用于过去时态。●Imethimafewdaysago.●Ihaven’tseenhimbefore.6.When提问的句子不用完成时。●Whenhashefinishedhishomework?●Whendidhefinishhishomework?6.ThePastPerfectTenseVerbformation:had+doneConcept表示过去某时之前发生的动作或状态，即表示过去的过去。●Iwastoldhisfatherhaddiedfiveyearsbefore.常见状语bytheendof+thepasttimebythetime+didbyseven●Theyhadcompletedthehugeprojectbytheendoflastyear.●Bythetimewegotthere,thetrainhadleft.●Hehadbeenherebyeight.常见句型1.S+haddone+before/when+did2.S+did+until/after+haddone3.Nosooner+had+S+done+than+S+did4.Hardly/Scarcely+had+S+done+when+S+