水资源规划及利用的国内外现状及未来的发展趋势

水资源规划及利用的国内外现状及未来的发展趋势学校：学院：班级：姓名：学号：目录水资源规划及利用的国内外现状及未来发展趋势.......................................................................3一、水资源概述...............................................................................................................................41.1水资源概念.....................................................................................................................41.2水资源的分布.................................................................................................................41.2.1中国水资源的分布现状..........................................................................................41.2.2全球水资源分布......................................................................................................51.3水资源的规划利用现状.................................................................................................61.3.1中国水资源的开发利用状况..................................................................................61.3.2全球水资源的开发利用状况..................................................................................7二、水资源的可持续利用...............................................................................................................82.1中国水资源可持续利用的总体战略.............................................................................8三、水资源的规划与管理...............................................................................................................93.1水资源的规划.................................................................................................................93.1.1我国水资源规划现状............................................................................................103.2水资源的管理...............................................................................................................103.2.1我国水资源管理办法............................................................................................11四、水资源规划的新模型——基于水资源优化配置的多目标决策模型探析.........................114.1水资源优化配置..........................................................................................................114.1.1水资源优化配置的概念........................................................................................114.1.2水资源优化配置的内涵........................................................................................124.1.3水资源优化配置的原则及目标............................................................................124.2基于水资源优化配置的多目标决策模型探析...........................................................124.2.1多目标决策一般数学模型....................................................................................124.2.2选取决策目标........................................................................................................134.2.3确定约束条件........................................................................................................144.2.4多目标决策模型的建立........................................................................................144.2.5水资源优化配置多目标决策决策模型求解........................................................154.2.6水资源优化配置多目标决策方案选择................................................................16五、结语.........................................................................................................................................17水资源规划及利用的国内外现状及未来发展趋势【摘要】：水是生命的源泉，淡水资源是基础性自然资源,系生态环境建设的控制因素之一,同时又是战略性经济资源,为综合国力的有机组成部分。随着人类的发展和社会的进步，水资源的供需矛盾日渐突出，水资源成为制约人类发展的最大因素。面对国内外水资源的现状，如何对水资源进行需求分析，如何优化配置水资源来对水资源进行综合管理成为人类面临的一大难题。本文通过对国内外水资源现状及存在的问题进行分析得出：可持续发展的战略是解决这一难题的有效措施，对水资源进行合理综合规划管理是人类未来发展的一个趋势，这时一些新技术新模型的引入将有助于水资源的可持续利用。本文采用基于水资源优化配置的多目标决策模型对水资源的规划管理进行了探析。【关键词】：优化配置水资源现状可持续发展多目标决策模型规划管理Abstract：Wateristheoriginoflife.Freshwaterresourceisthefoundationalnaturalresource,whichisalsooneofthefatalfactorsintheecologicalconstruction.Tosomeextent,freshwaterresourceisstrategiceconomicresourceandtheorganiccomponentofcomprehensivenationalpower.Withthedevelopmentofhumanandtheimprovementofoursociety,thecontradictionofsupplyanddemandinwaterresourcebecomesmoreandmoreobviousgradually.Waterresourcebecomethebiggestrestrictingfactorinthedevelopmentofhumanbeings.Facedwiththedomesticsituationofwaterresources,howtodothedemandanalysisandoptimalallocationtomanagethewaterresourceshavebecomeabigproblemthatfaceshumanbeings.Byanalyzingthedomesticsituationofwaterresources,wedrawthisconclusionthatthesustainabledevelopmentstrategyistheeffectivemeasurementinsolvingthisproblem.Thereasonableandintegratedmanagementandplanningofwaterresourcesisthedevelopmenttendencyofhumaninthefuture.Atthemeantime,thebringofsomenewskillsandmodelsishelpfultothesustainabledevelopmentofwaterresources.Thisarticleadoptsthe“Analysisofmulti-objectivedecision-makingmodelbasedonOptimalallocationofwaterresources”modeltoexplorethemanagementandplanningofwaterresources.Keywords:thedomesticsituationofwaterresourcesoptimalallocationsustainabledevelopmentmulti-objectivedecision-makingmodelmanagementandplanning一、水资源概述水资源是地球上目前和近期人类可直接或间接利用的水量，是自然资源一个重要组成部分，为人类生产和生活中不可缺少的资源，它与人类社会发展和生存环境结合成为一个有机的整体。它是具有有限性与无限性、时空分布的不均匀性、利用的广泛性、不可替代性、利害两重性的资源。1.1水资源概念广义的水资源，指地球上水的总体．自然界中的水以固态、液态和气态的形式，存在于地球表面和地球岩石圈、大气圈、生