英语现在完成时与现在完成进行时

PresentPerfectTense现在完成时PresentPerfectContinuousTense现在完成进行时GrammarandUsageForm:have/has+donethePresentPerfectTense现在完成时PartA1.I_____already____(see)thefilm.I_____(see)itlastweek.2.--____he_________(finish)hisworktoday?--Notyet.3.--____you_____(be)toHongKong?--Yes,I__________(be)theretwice.4._____theyoungwomanever_________(travel)toEngland?5.I_____just_____(lose)mysciencebook.haveseensawHasfinishedHavebeenhavebeenHastravelledhavelost6.Shanghai_____(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit__________(become)alargecity.7.I_____________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.8.SofarI___________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.9.--Howlong______theWangs______(stay)here?--Fortwoweeks.washasbecomehaveworkedmovedhavemadehavestayed现在完成时的三种主要用法一、影响性用法（已完成用法）（动词常为瞬间动词）表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果或影响，常和just,already,yet,now等连用。）1.LiMinghasjustturnedoffthelight.（说明现在灯关上了）2.I’vefinishedmyhomeworknow/already.（说明可以交作业或做别的了）3.Ihavelostmypen.（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）4.Shehasbecomeateacher.（说明她现在仍是老师）注意：1).already常用于肯定句(有时也用于疑问句)；yet常用于否定句和疑问句。2).justnow—刚才（一般过去时）二、持续性用法（未完成用法）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。（动词常为持续性动词）如：1.Ihavetaughtinthisschoolfor12years.2.IhavetravelledtomostofthecitiesinChinasincefiveyearsago.since2daysago/1991(具体时间）,since,eversince;foralongtime/twodays，forages(一段时间)lately，oflate,recently,thesedays，sofar(迄今为止),uptonow，till（until）now，inthepast/lastfewdays，duringthelasttwoweeks等1.Hehaslivedherefor30years.（现在还住在这儿）2.They'veknowneachothersincechildhood.（现在还继续往来）3.HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish？（现在仍在学）现在完成时的三种主要用法三、经历性用法表示过去至今的经历。一般译为汉语“过”，常和等连用。1.IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice.2.Wehavevisitedyourschoolbefore.3.Shehasneverdrivenacarbefore.4.Ihaveoncevisitedtheschool.never，ever，once，twice，threetimes，before，5.Haveyoueverreadthissciencefictionbefore?翻译1.他已经赢得了班上其他同学的尊重。Hehasalreadyearnedrespectfromtheotherstudentsinhisclass.2.为了考试得到高分，在过去的两个月里，他们做了很好的准备。Inordertoachievehighgradesintheexam,theyhavemadegoodpreparationsinthepasttwomonths.3.他刚从手术中恢复，身体还很虚弱。Hehasjustrecoveredfromtheoperation,andisstillweak.翻译4.坏天气已经持续了两周。Thebadweatherhaslastedfortwoweeks.5.我以前从没有在健身房锻炼过。Ihaveneverworkedoutinagymbefore.2.现在完成时的时间状语一、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,in1990,lastSunday,threeyearsago等。1.Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.（）2.Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.（）3.IwenttoJapantwicelastyear.（）4.IhavebeentoJapantwicelastyear.（）只要有具体的过去的时间就用一般过去时。×√√×判断正误：()Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.()Ireceivedthisletteramonthago.()Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforamonth.3.短暂性动词在现在完成时的用法二、短暂性动词在肯定句和疑问句中不能和表时间段的时间状语连用。（在否定句中可以）×√√常见的短暂性动词：come,go,leave,arrive,reach,begin,start,end，see,hear,marry,buy,borrow，close,lose,join,die,getup，become,fall,finish,join,gettoknow等。和表一段时间的时间状语连用时，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换(熟记)come—behereleave/go—beaway(from)borrow—keepbuy—havefinish—beoverbegin—beondie—bedeadgettoknow—knowarrive/getto/come/reach—bein/atmarry/getmarried(to)—bemarried(to)fallasleep/gettosleep—beasleepjointheclub—beamemberoftheclub1.他入党两年了。HejoinedthePartytwoyearsago.—HehasbeeninthePartyfortwoyears.—HehasbeenaPartymemberfortwoyears.—HehasbeenaPartymembersincetwoyearsago.2.电影开始十分钟了。Thefilmbegantenminutesago.—Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.—Thefilmhasbeenonsincetenminutesago.3.他的狗死了一个月了。Hisdogdiedamonthago.—Hisdoghasbeendeadforamonth.—Hisdoghasbeendeadsinceamonthago.Themanhasleftthevillageforseveralyears.×√××√()()()()()()()()Ihaveboughtanewdictionaryforaweek.Ihavehadanewdictionaryforaweek.我买一本新词典已有一星期了。Theyhavecomeherefortwodays.Theyhavebeenherefortwodays.他们来这儿已经两天了。HehasmarriedAmyfortwoyears.HehasbeenmarriedtoAmyfortwoyears.他和艾米结婚两年了。这个人离开村子已经几年了。√×√Themanhasbeenawayfromthevillageforseveralyears.4.have/hasbeen(to)have/hasgone(to)have/hasbeen(to)表示“去过某地”(现在不在那里了，已经回来了)可与once,never,severaltimes等连用1.TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.2.Wherehaveyoubeen?have/hasgone(to)表示“去某地了”（说话时某人不在当地，还没回）HehasgonetoBeijing.5.常用固定句型1.Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since+从句（一般过去时）翻译：他祖父去世已有三年了。Itistwoyearssincehisgrandfatherdied.=Ithasbeentwoyearssincehisgrandfatherdied.Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.5.常用固定句型2)This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)time+that+从句（现在完成时）翻译：1.这是他第一次参观这家工厂。2.这是我第二次读这本书。1.Itisthefirsttimethathehasvisitedthisfactory.2.ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavereadthebook.5.常用固定句型3)This(That/It)isthebest/mostinteresting/finest/…+that+从句（现在完成时）1.这是我看过的最好的电影。ItisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.2.这是我吃过的最好吃的食物。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveevereaten.Form:have/hasbeendoing注意：不用被动语态thePresentPerfectContinuousTense现在完成进行时PartB现在完成进行时的用法一、表示一个动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，这动作仍在进行，且还有可能继续下去。1.自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。IthasbeenrainingsincelastSunday.2.你看了一天电视了。You’vebeenwatchingtelevisionallday.3.回家以来我就没有好好睡过觉。Ihaven’tbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.现在完成进行时的两种用法1.Sheisverytired.She’sbeentypinglettersallday.她很累了，她整天都在打信件。2.Myhandsaredirty.I’vebeenpaintingthedoor.我的手脏，我一直在漆门。3.--SorryI’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?--Yes.I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.对不起我迟到了，你等了很久了吗？是的，我等了一个小时了。二、表示动作刚刚结束，但和现在有某种联系。（有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论，一般通过上下文的语境进行判断。）Theboy__________________(eat)sincefiveminutesago.hasbeeneatingTheboystartedeatingfiveminute