定语从句高二复习

先行词是人时：1.先行词是人，并且在定语从句中充当主语，用关系代词who/that；关系代词不能省略2.先行词是人，并且在定语从句中充当宾语，用关系代词whom/that/who；关系代词可以省略。3.先行词是物，并且在定语从句中充当主语，用关系代词which/that,关系代词不能省略4.先行词是物，并且在定语从句中充当宾语，用关系代词which/that；关系代词可以省略先行词是物时：5.whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况中一般只用that:①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：NOTE②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时如：thefirst，thebest④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时⑤先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that引导。⑥当先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句只用that引导。如：Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑦当关系代词在从句中作表语时：Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.关系代词which的用法1）在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which，不能用that。Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.2）在限定性定语从句中which和that在代物时常常可以通用，但有时只宜用which，不宜用that。a.关系代词前有介词时b.如有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，另一句宜用which。Thatisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.=That’sthehotel(which/that)youwillstayin.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.关系代词who的用法1).who可以代人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的whom，但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格的whom：介词+whomThisistheteacherwhoteachesusmaths.Sheisthegirlwho/whomImetattheparty.Sheisthegirlwhom/whoIwenttherewith.SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.2)who和that在很多情况下可以通用，但有时则宜用who，而不用that。a.先行词是one,ones,anyone时宜用who。b.先行词为those且指人时，用who。c.当先行词后有较长的后置定语时。ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.d.一个句子带有两个定语从句，其中一个的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.e.在therebe开头的句子中Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.定语从句解题步骤:1.找主句:关键是:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分完整2.先行词:3.将先行词代入到从句当中，判断其在从句中的成分，选用合适的关系词来替代先行词.关系副词引导的定语从句常见的关系副词有_____________________关系副词引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词通常是表示_________________的名词。在定语从句中关系副词用作______。when,where,why时间、地点或理由状语关系副词起连接作用，代替先行词在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。when(…的时候，时间名词)where(…的地方场所、方位等名词)why(…原因；…理由)Julyisthemonth.Inthismonthwehavealotofrain.Therewasatime.Duringthattimetherewerenoradios,telephonesorTVsetshere.(when=inwhich)(when=duringwhich)When引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词，并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。Julyisthemonthwhenwehavealotofrain.Therewasatimewhentherewerenoradios,telephonesorTVsetshere.1.Iwillneverforgetthedays___________Ispentwithyourfamily.2.Westillrememberedthedays______/_________wetravelledtogether.3.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.that/whichwheninwhichwhenTheschoolisakeyschoolinHebeiProvince.Hissisterworksattheschool.Haveyoueverbeentothehouse?LuXunoncelivedinthathouse.(where=atwhich)(where=inwhich)TheschoolwherehissisterworksisakeyschoolinHebeiProvince.HaveyoueverbeentothehousewhereLuXunoncelived?where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词，并在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。which/thatwhere1.Harvardisaworld-famousuniversity________WangAngothisDoctordegree.2.Theplace_________wevisitedyesterdayisaschoolfordisabledchildren.3.Icanthinkofmanycases________culturaldifferencesreallyexist.4.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation______heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplace.5.Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepoint_______nobodycancureher.wherewhere在一些类似地点的抽象名词后面，也可用关系副词where来引导定语从句。whereThereasonwashislaziness.Peterfailedforthereason.Thisisthereason.Thecomputercannotentirelyreplacemanforthereason.(why=forwhich)(why=forwhich)Thereasonwhypeterfailedwashislaziness.Thisisthereasonwhythecomputercannotentirelyreplaceman.why引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词，并在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。“介词+关系代词”结构“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语。用在介词后的关系代词只有whom,which和whose三个，不能用that.介词的选择①Thisisthefactoryinwhichheworks.②Thecarforwhichhepaid24,000yuanismadeinShanghai.③Tom,bywhomthewindowwasbroken,hasbeencriticizedbyhisteacher.④Thisisthewomaninwhosehouseamanwaskilled.1．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句2．非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that和why引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.1).关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。ThisisthegirlwhomImetinthestreet.=ThisisthegirlwhoImetinthestreet.2).在非限制性定语从句中which和whom常可和of或其他介词连用：Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.Thismorningsomeportwinearrived,forwhichIknowIhavetothankyou.Shehadeightchildren,threeofwhomlivedtogrowup.3)Which有时不代表一个名词，而代表前面句子的全部或部分意思：Theyrelyonthemselves,whichismuchbetter.HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.一关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同成分Thatwasthetimewhenhearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat(which)wespenttogether?Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisistheplacewhich(that)wevisitedlastyear.注意事项：Thehousewhereweliveisnotlarge.Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.Thehousewhichweliveinisnotlarge.二,关系代词放在介词后面，只能用which或whomThisistheboywithwhomheworked.Thisistheboywhoheworkedwith.三关于as①WeareinterestedinsuchbooksaswerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.(主语)②I’veneverseensuchamanasheis.(表语)③Ihaven’tgotasmuchmoneyasIthought.(宾语)④Shedoesn'tlikethesameflowerashedoes.(宾语)