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数词2015届高考英语语法复习数词的定义数词是表示数目多少或先后顺序的词,有基数词和序数词两种。表数量的数词叫基数词,如one,two,three,…表顺序的数词叫序数词,如first,second,third,fourth,fifth,...基数词构成1)1~12单独记one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve2)13~19词尾为-teen:thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen3)20~90逢整十词尾为-ty:twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,...4)21~99在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成,如:73seventy-three,88eighty-eight5)101~999先说几百,再加and,再加末尾两位数,如:178onehundredandseventy-eight6)1000以上的数词,先从后向前数,每三位用一个数逗点“,”隔开。第一个“,”是thousand千,第二个“,”是million百万,第三个“,”是billion美语中的十亿(英国用thousandmillion),然后一节一节地用几百几十几的方法来数。基数词的使用基数词可在句中作主语、表语、定语、状语、介宾、同位语。Twoofthemarestudents.主语Twoandtwoarefour.表语Wetwojoinedthearmy.同位语Twothousandpeoplewerepresentatthemeeting.定语基数词使用的注意事项1)hundred,thousand,million,billion,score(20),dozen(12)前有数词表示具体数目时,这些词不加“s”。当其前无具体数词时,这些数词要加“s”后再加of连接名词,来表示不具体的量。如:fivehundredpeople,twoscoreapples,hundredsofpeople,scoresofpears,thousandsof,thousandsandthousandsof,tensofthousandsof,millionsof,afewhundredmen,manythousandsofmen,some/severalmillion(sof)men2)表示“几十”的数词的复数形式前用形容词性物主代词修饰可用来表示“在某人……十几岁时”;用定冠词修饰表示“……年代”。inone’searlytwenties(thirties)在某人二十(三十)几岁时the1840’s/the1840s19世纪40年代the1980s/the1980’s20世纪80年代▲十亿以上的大数,英美有不同的表示:英国英语美国英语十亿thousandmilliononebillion百亿tenthousandmilliontenbillion千亿hundredthousandmilliononehundredbillion万亿onethousandbilliononetrillion年代的读法:297读作twoninety-seven或twohundredandninety-seven1908读作nineteenandeight或nineteenoeight或nineteenhundredandeight1949读作nineteenforty-nine或nineteenhundredandforty-nine2000读作twothousand3)a.在美国英语中,表示几点过几分可用after,表示几点差几分可用before。如12点10分:tenaftertwelve。11点50分:tenbeforetwelve。b.若想表明是上午,可在时间后加上am或a.m.(a.m.是拉丁语antemeridiem的缩写,意为“上午”),若想表明是下午,可在时间后加上pm或p.m.(p.m.是拉丁语postmeridiem的缩写意为“下午”)。a.m.或p.m.前若是整点,用了a.m.或p.m后,不再用o’clock,也不可加“:00”。如:at8a.m.(上午8点),at5p.m.(下午5点)。c.表示“……点整”时,用sharp。如:atnineo’clocksharp(九点整),at23:00sharp(二十三点整)。4)年龄表达①表示“……岁”Heiseighteen(yearsold).Heisagedeighteen.Heisattheageofeighteen.Hisageiseighteen.②表示“快满……岁”Hewillbeeighteenyearsold.Heisgoingoneighteenyearsold.Heisgettingonforeighteen.Itwillbehiseighteenthbirthday.③表示“不满……岁”Heisbarely/nearly/almosteighteen.Heisnotquite/yeteighteen.Heisunder/beloweighteen.④表示“已经……岁”可用以下方法表示:Heispast/over/aboveeighteen.Heismorethaneighteen.Hehasturnedeighteen.⑤表示大概年龄时用“inone’s+基数词复数形式”结构。a.从十三岁到十九岁,用inone’steens.b.二十岁以上就用inone’stwenties/thirties/forties/fifties…/nineties,还可以借助early,middle,late来表达得更明确一些。序数词基数词变为序数词,记忆口诀一二三要单独记:one→first,two→second,three→thirdth要从四加起:four→fourth,five→fifth,...eight少个t:eight→eighthnine去掉e:nine→ninthve用f来代替:five→fifth,twelve→twelfthty变成tie:twenty→twentieth表第“几十几”,基数加序数记心里:twenty-one→twenty-first序数词的使用1.序数词在句中主要作定语,一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Mondayistheseconddayofaweek.星期一是一周的第二天。2.序数词前有时加不定冠词,表示“又一、再一”,相当于another。Wouldyoulikeasecondcupoftea?你还想再来一杯茶吗?Ihadafourthapple.我(吃了三个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。3.first,second等有时可表示一批人或物。ThefirstmiludeercamefromChinainthe1860s.最早的麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代来自中国的。4.有时序数词作状语,不加冠词。Hecameoutfirstinthecontest.他在比赛中获得第一名。5.first,second等在用来指“冠军、亚军”等获胜名次时也常不加冠词。Heisfirst.他是冠军。数词的使用一、百分数、分数、小数的构成及用法1)百分数:基数词加百分号%(percent):89%→eighty-ninepercent2)分数:分子基数词,分母序数词。分子大于1,分母用复数。1/3:onethird,2/5:twofifths3)带分数:基数词+and+分数表达::fiveandsix-sevenths注意1/2:ahalf,onehalf1/4:one-fourth,one/aquarter3/4:threequarters1/3:athird(33.33r%读作thirty-threepointthreethreerecurringpercent)4)小数:小数点读作“point”,数字一律用基数词1.45:onepointfourfive6575)通常分数、百分数、小数作定语。“分数(百分数)(of)+名词”作主语时谓语动词是根据名词确定的,名词为单数动词即用单数,名词为复数动词即用复数动词。50%applesarehere.Onethirdappleiseaten.★oneandahalf后的名词用复数,谓语动词一般用单数,不过事实上也可用复数。倍数表达表示倍数时,一倍用once,两倍用twice,三倍以上用“基数词+times”。1.常用句式:①...times+形容词/副词的比较级+than...②...timesas+形容词/副词原级+as+...③…timesthesize/length/height/width/...of+n.表示LiMingrunstwicefasterthanLily.Theriveristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Theriverisfourtimesaslongasthatone.Ourclassroomisfourtimesasbigasyours.=Ourclassroomisthreetimesbiggerthanyours.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesizeoftheoldone.2.有时我们用这三个句型的变体1)“...timesasmany/much+n.+as+n.”或“...timesasmuch/manyas+n.”Wehaveproducedtwiceasmanycarsthisyearasweexpected.我们今年生产的汽车是预期的两倍。Therearefourtimesasmanybooksinourlibraryasintheirs.我们图书馆的书是他们图书馆的四倍。Thepriceofthisproductistwiceasmuchasthatofthepreviousone.该产品的价格是前一种的两倍。2)...times+more+名词+than+被比较对象Heearnsfivetimesmoremoneythanhedidtenyearsago.他现在挣的钱是十年前挣的五倍。3)...times+thatof+被比较对象Thesizeofthenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthatofthepreviousone.新扩建的广场是以前的四倍大。Thehospitalchargesthreetofivetimesthatofordinaryones.这家医院的收费是一般医院的三至五倍。4)...times+what从句Theworld’spopulationhasgrowntomorethansixtimeswhatitwasin1800.Thefigureisnowapproaching6.5billionpeople.目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到那时的六倍多,这个数字现在将近65亿。Thepriceofthemeatisnowdouble/twicewhatitwaslastyear.现在的肉价是去年的两倍。5)...times+over或uptoThegrainoutputinthatprovinceistwiceoverthatof2002.那个省的粮食产量是2002年的两倍。Heisthreetimesuptoyourage.他的年龄是你的三倍。6)...times+comparedwith+被比较对象Thenumberofcomputerimportshasincreasedfourtimescomparedwithlastyear.计算机的进口量与去年相比增加了四倍。7)用分数、百分数来表示倍数。Theboxisone-thirdbiggerthanthatone.这个盒子比那个盒子大三分之一。Lastyeartheoutputvalueofindustrywas30percenthigherthanthatof2003.去年
本文标题:2015届高考英语语法复习ppt---数词资料
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