高中英语语法第二讲：虚拟语气

虚拟语气虚拟语气的常态形式虚拟语气的四大变态形式练习本质区别：说话者是否已经知道事实。知道则为“虚拟”不知道才去“推测”形态区别：对过去的虚拟VS对过去的推测撞车推测：十分肯定的推测：musthave十分否定的推测：couldn’thave虚拟一般虚拟：wouldhave“本可以”的虚拟：couldhave“本应该”的虚拟：shouldhavecouldhave虚拟语气的三种时态变化错综时间条件句虚拟语气的倒装没有If的虚拟语气特定句型的虚拟语气IFyouhadspentmoretimeonit,youwouldhavemasteredthemdaysago.“结婚”和“爱”是两回事做个拉皮貌似含蓄，译过来不含蓄（未完待续）今天重点讲解没有if,如何判断特殊词后用主句模式还是从句模式呢？主？从？用主句without,with,intheabsenceof,under,butforbutthat用从句asif,wish,inonly,wouldratherIwishhewouldstoptalking判断是否虚拟主句虚拟从句虚拟种类从句的动词形式主句的动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去式(be的用were）would＋V与将来事实相反1.动词过去式2.should＋V3.wereto＋Vwould＋V与过去事实相反had+P.P.would+have+P.P.Ifwecouldshrinktheearth’spopulationtoavillageofprecisely100people,therewouldbe52femaleand48male.70wouldbenon-whiteand30wouldbewhite89wouldbeheterosexualand11wouldbehomosexual22wouldspeakChinese,9wouldspeakEnglishand7wouldspeakSpanish70wouldunabletoread1wouldhaveacollegeeducation1wouldhaveacomputerIfIwereabutterfly,I’dthankyouLordforgivingmewingsIfIwerearobininatree,I’dthankyouLordthatIcouldsingIfIwereafishinthesea,I’dwigglemytailandI’dgigglewithgleeButIjustthankyoufatherformakingme,meIfIcouldhaveasinglewish,I'dwishforamillionmorewishes如果我是英国学生，中国字我也会弄不懂的ChinesewordswouldmakemepuzzledifIwereanEnglishstudent.Howfarcanyourimaginationgo？Ifyouhadlovedme,youwouldhavesaidIwastheprettiest.(Themomentoftruth)Yourchildhoodwouldhavebeenhappierifyouhadlivedwithyourfatherinsteadofyourmother.(18:45)饿错咧，饿真的错咧，饿从一开始就不应该嫁过来，如果饿不嫁过来饿的夫君就不会死，如果饿的夫君不死，饿就不会沦落到这么一个伤心的地方，如果饿不沦落到这么一个伤心的地方.Iwaswrong,Iwasreallywrong.Ishouldn’thavemarriedhereinthebeginning.IfIhadnotmarriedhere,myhusbandwouldnothavedied;ifmyhusbandhadnotdied,Iwouldnothaveendedupinsuchasadplace;IfIhadnotendedupinsuchasadplace,Iwould…….didwerewould+dodidweretoshouldhadp.p.would+have+p.p.14235ThebigbangtheorySeasonIEpisode10(04:00--）wouldhaveshouldhavecouldhavemusthave虚拟语气，表示对过去的假设(最常用，一般翻译为“本会”，有时翻译为“本应该”虚拟语气，表示对过去的假设，有责备的意味，表示本应该做却没有做翻译为：“本应该”1：表示对过去的推测；2：表示过去本可以做某事却没做，有可惜，心有余力不足的感叹(2:49)翻译为“本可以”或者“可能已经”表示对过去及其肯定的推测翻译为：“一定已经”.Thankheavens,hisdatereplied.Ifyourshadn't,minewouldhavehadto!Ifyoupassedtheexam,everythingwouldbefine.Ifyoushouldpasstheexam,everythingwouldbefine.Ifyouweretopasstheexam,everythingwouldbefine.爱情诗经典句：IfIweretofallintolove,thatwouldbeyou!FF的四大愿望要是我是男孩，我就幸福了要是我有男朋友，我就幸福了要是我将来不用生小孩，我就幸福了要是我生来就没有第三个姐妹，我就幸福了晕死人不偿命之变态句型：如果我不爱你，我就不会娶你（1）两人正走在红地毯上，热恋中（2）两人已经离婚，曾经相爱（3）两人已经结婚，仍然相爱错综时间条件句虚拟语气的倒装含蓄条件句虚拟语气的特殊形式Ifyouhadbeenaboard,youwouldknowthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternculture.如果我没有学过英语，我就不能在这里教你们英语了如果我不爱你，我就不会娶你！IfIdidn’tloveyou,Iwouldn’thavemarriedyou.IfIdidn’tloveyou,Iwouldn’tmarryyou.IfIhadn’tlovedher,Iwouldn’thavemarriedher.虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略，再把were,should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。整容前整容后IfIhadnotlovedyou,Iwouldnotmarryyou.IfIdidn’tloveyou,Iwouldnothavemarriedyou.IfIshouldfallinlove,thatwouldbeyou.IfIweretodietomorrow,Iwouldaskyoutodiewithme.HadInotlovedyou,Iwouldnotmarryyou.ShouldIfallinlove,thatwouldbeyou.wereItodietomorrow,Iwouldaskyoutodiewithme.在虚拟语气中，有的句子可能没有明显的由“if”引导的条件从句，但是句子中隐含着一个条件，这种句子称为含蓄条件句Iwouldhaveabetterlifewithoutyou!Thewholeclassroomwouldbecomeamadhouseintheabsenceoftheteacher.2.3.1介词或介词短语。常见的可以引导虚拟语气的介词有：with,without,intheabsenceof，under,butfor,等。Butforyou,Iwouldneverhavecaughtinsuchabadromance.WewouldlearnEnglishbetterunderabettercondition.连接词。常见的用来连接虚拟语气的连接词,有：wish,butthat，ifonly,asif,asthough，wouldrather等Workasifyoudidn’tneedanymoney.LoveasifyouhadneverbeenhurtbeforeDanceasifnoonewerewatchingButthatIexperienceditmyself,Iwouldnothavebelievedit.真实的部分是按照我们平时学的时态来翻译，不真实的部分按照虚拟语气来翻译IfonlyIweretallerIfonlyIhadworkedharderIfonlyIwouldmeetabeautifulgirl.IfonlyIcouldmakealotofmoneyIfonlyIcouldhavethechanceI'llturnbackthetimeIwillneverletyoufallI'llbebyyoursideIwillbethereforyouandI'llstandupforyouIfonlyIcouldhavethechancetoletyouknowWhenyousaidgoodbyeIdon'tknowwheretogoIfonlyyoucouldstayI'lltakeyoufarawayI'llmakeyoufeelthiswayForeverwewillstaythiswayIfonlyIreallycouldIfonly,ifonlyIcouldtolearntoloveandtoknowourfeelingsifIcouldifIcouldIfonlyIreallycouldIfonly,ifonlyIcouldbutthosearetwosaddestwordsIknowinthissadworldIwishIknewhowtoquityou.Frodo:IwishtheRinghadnevercometome.Iwishnoneofthishadhappened.Iwouldratheryouwenttomorrow.Iwouldratheryoustayedheretonight.“Icoulddancewithyouuntilthecowcomehome.butonasecondthought,Iwouldratherdancewiththecowsuntilyoucomehome.”——电影《容易事》总结区别我希望你在这你要是在这多好啊我宁愿你今晚住在这没有你，我不会幸福不要装作你不爱我要不是你有×××，我早就和你牵手了我希望你已经死了你要是死了多好我宁愿你今晚就走不要装作你不在乎没有你，我会更幸福要不是打不过你，我早就和你分手了以下词语任何形式，后面的句子都要用should+原形，其中should可以省略一个坚持insist二个命令ordercommand三个建议Suggestproposeadvise四个要求demandrequirerequestaskItissuggestedthat/wesuggestthat/oursuggestionisthat我们要求外国人都要考中文！我们坚持他们用古文答题我们命令他们考试时用甲骨文Oursuggestionisthatthecentralbank___theinterestrateforasecondtime.A.notraiseB.doesn’traiseC.won’traiseD.shan’traiseAMymotherinsiststhatIattendtheNationalHolidaycourse.shouldButfortheEnglishteacher,I______thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon