选修6 unit2 语法

虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设,该语法主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。虚拟语气1.虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法条件从句从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反动词过去式(或were)should/would/could/might+动词原形had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词should/would/could/might+动词原形1.should+动词原形2.动词过去式3.wereto+动词原形2.wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反过去式（were）1.had+过去分词2.could+have+过去分词would/could/might+动词原形Hewishedhe_____________________insuchaffairs.(involve)IwishI______abird.(be)hadneverbeeninvolvedwereIwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.Iwouldrather___________________.我宁愿他们明天来。Themanagerwouldratherthathissecretary_______________________________.经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。3、wouldrather后的宾语从句wouldratherthat与现在事实相反did与过去事实相反haddone与将来事实相反didtheycametomorrowwenttothemeetinginsteadofhim4.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气一个坚持______________两个命令______________三个建议__________________________五个要求__________________________这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句中的动词使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desireask在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，advice，decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用should＋动词原形。另外连接从句的that不能省略。例：1.Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）gothereatonce.2.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatwe（should）putonaplayattheEnglishevening?3.Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.5、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气2020/3/3Itisstrangethat_______________________.他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。Itisagreatpitythat___________________.他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。Itisnaturalthat___________________________.鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。Itisnecessarythat___________________________.有必要立即派他去北京。6主语从句It’snecessary/strange/natural/urgent/important/apity/nowonder/impossible+that从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形he(should)saysohe(should)thinksoabird(should)restintreeshe(should)besenttoBeijingrightaway7主语从句Itis/wassuggested/ordered/demanded/proposed/etc.结构中要使用虚拟语气。It’ssuggestedthattheplan(should)becarriedout.Itisorderedthatallthetroops(should)withdrawthreemilesaway.根据命令，所有部队撤至三英哩以外。Itisarrangedthathe_____________________.照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。Itissuggestedthat___________________________________________.有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。(should)leaveforCanadaonFridaytheEnglishevening(should)beheldonSaturdayItis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用did/were或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。Itishightimethat__________________.该是我们吃午饭的时候了。Itistimethat______________________.该是他作出决定的时候了。8、主语从句Itis(high)timethatwehadourlunchhemadeuphismind9、由ifonly（要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。和wish引导的宾语从句用法一样。IfonlyIhadpassedthetest！Ifonlyitstoppedraining！比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示“只有”；ifonly则表示“如果……就好了”。Iwakeup__________thealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。___________thealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。onlyifIfonly10asif/asthoughdid与现在事实相反的haddone与过去事实相反或想象的事物以asif、asthough（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语或表语从句，如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；wish+did(与事实相反的情况,)+haddone(与过去事实相反)+would/could/might+do(将来不大可能实现的愿望)11Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewereaman.Theboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since2020/3/312、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Wouldyoumindsmokinghere？Mayyoubelucky！LonglivethepeopleofChina！Godsaveme.2020/3/31.Itwasurgentthathe_________herimmediately.A.callsB.calledC.callD.wouldcall2.It’shightimethatsomething_________toprohibitsellingfakecommodities.A.mustbedoneB.wasdoneC.bedoneD.weredone3.Therewasatrafficjam;otherwiseI____hereontime.A.wouldbeB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldhavebeen4.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI___there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went2020/3/35.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven6.Itisstrangethatsuchathing___inyourschool.A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happened7.I’dratheryou___rightaway.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.toleave8.Itisrequiredthatyou____atsix.A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivedD.wouldarrive9.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew课堂即时翻译练习1.我希望和你一样高。2.他希望他没讲那样的话。3.我希望明天下雨就好了。IwishIwereastallasyou.Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.4.我们建议Tom去休息一下。5.他坚决要求我到场。课堂即时翻译练习WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.8.要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了!9.要是我没错过火车就好了！课堂即时翻译练习Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!