高考语音专项

1高考语音专项高中英语语音知识与总结【语音基础知识】1、有关语音的概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a，e，i(y)，o，u2)音标：词的语音形式。3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap｀ple，stu｀dent，tea｀cher，un｀der｀stand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音7)开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebikehomedue;b)辅音+元音he，go，hi8)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。2、元音：1)[i:]sea，he，see，piece，ceiling2)[i]sit，build，miss，myth3)[e]bed，desk，head4)[æ]bad，land，bank，stamp5)[a:]car，fast，class，plant，calm，aunt6)[ɔ]hot，want7)[ɔ:]door，more，sport，ball，warm，author，court，bought，caught8)[u:]good，who，blue，soup9)[u]look，put，women，could10)[Λ]cup，come，blood，rough11)[ә:]girl，work，serve，nurse12)[ә]cadre，ago，forget，polite，dollar，doctor，famous，Saturday213)[ei]cake，they，play，eight，great14)[ai]bike，die，neither，light，try，find，height，eye15)[әu]phone，cold，boat，soul，grow16)[au]house，town17)[ɔi]boy，oil18)[iә]dear，idea，deer，here，fierce19)[εә]pear，care，there，fair20)[uә]tour，poor3、容易混淆的元音1)[e][æ]bedbad;men，man;pen，pan;lendland2)[i:][ei]realrail;greet，great;mean，main;readraid3)[e][AI]betbite;redwrite;saidside，head，hide4)[au][ɔ:]househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause5)[au][Λ]foundfond;gowngone;downdon4、辅音1)[p]pen2)[b]bed，comb3)[t]tell4)[d]，day，played，wanted5)[k]cold，sky，quick，school，back，accept，box6)[g]big，go，guess，language7)[m]man8)[n]nine，knife，autumn9)[η]bank，uncle，English，sing10)[l]land，world11)[r]read，write12)[f]five，cough，laugh13)[v]voice，of14)[θ]think15)[ð]this，bathe316)[s]sit，miss，science，case，scarf17)[z]zoo，close18)[∫]sure，she，social，nation19)[/]pleasure20)[h]hot，who，hour21)[w]wall，what，answer22)[j]yes23)[t∫]child，teach，catch24)[d/]joke，bridge25)[ts]boats26)[dz]goods27)[tr]tree28)[dr]dream5、容易混淆的辅音1)[v][w]vetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell2)[s][θ]sinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath3)[z][ð]closingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes4)[n][η]thinthing;sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang6、读音规则（1）元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中[ou]thoseclosegohoehomeno4在闭音节中[ɔ]clocknotboxshopsocku在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday在闭音节中[Λ]buscupjumpmuchlunch在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper特例：vaguevoguerangepasteplaguechangestrangetastewasteachewastescytheopaque这些单词中的thngguchstqu都被看作一个整体，都被看作一个辅音字母，其中的元音字母按开音节规则发音。和以上读音现象不同的词有：tinge[i]many[e]any[e]English[i]pretty[e]policeman[i:]machine[i:]这两个词源自法语，保留法语发音。下面的两个词live[i]give[i]保留了古英语的发音。（2）元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a[ә]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast[i]orangecomradevillagecabbagee[ә]hundredstudentopenweekend[i]chickenpocketbeginchildreni[ә]/[i]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal[ai]exercisesatelliteo[ә]secondtonightsomebodywelcome[u]alsozerophotou[ɔ]autumndifficult[ju(:)]popularcongratulationJanuary动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operateu处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[ә]音，也可以读作[i]音。不符合规则的词：robotn.机器人alcoholn.酒精aerosoln.烟，雾phenoln.5酚苯substraten.【生化】【半导体】基质;底物（3）元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词a在[w]音后面[ɔ]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前[α:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigho在-st-ld前[ou]mostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前[Λ]comemonkeylovemother（4）-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词arar在[w]音后面[α:]carfarmdarksharpener[ɔ:]warmquartertowardsoror在[w]音后面[ɔ:]fortymorningshort[ә:]wordworkerworseerirst1:placew:st=onur[ә:]certainlybirdThursday辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carrysorryhurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday例外的词：attorney[ә:]worn[ɔ:]sword[ɔ:]quarrel[ɔ]surroundsur-不重读supposesup-不重读collectcol-不重读（5）-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词are[ε]caredarehareere[i]heremereire[ai]firehirewireore[ɔ:]morescorebeforeure[ju]purecure6areereireore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picturepleasure重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parentzerostoryduringinspiring某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orangeveryAmericanparagraph不符合规则的词：there[ε]where[ε]cire[sә´rei]sure[∫uә]burial[´beriәl]deteriorate[iә]（6）元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplayair[εә]airhairchairpairrepairalal在fm前[ɔ]smallballtalkwallall[ɔ:l]alwaysalsosaltalmost[α:]halfcalmau/aw[ɔ:]autumndaughterdrawea[i:]teacheasycheapplease[e]heavybreadsweaterweather[ei]breakgreatear[iә]heardearnearclearyear[εә]bearpearwearswear[ә:]earthlearnearlyee[i:]jeepweekgreenthreeeer[iә]pioneerdeerbeerei/ey[ei]eightneighbourthey[i:]eitherkeyeu/ew在jlrs后[ju:]newfewnewspaper[u:]flewbrewjewelry7ie/ei[s]音之后[i:]piecefieldreceiveoa[ou]coatJoanboatgoaloar/oor[ɔ:]roarboarddoorflooroi/oy[ɔi]noisepointboytoiletoo[u:]broomfoodtoothschool[u]booklookcookfootgoodou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdown[әu]knowrowthrowthough[Λ]youngcountryenough[u:]groupyousoupour[ɔ:]courseyourfour[au]ourhourours[ә:]journeyui在jlrs后[ju:i]fluidsuicidetuition[u:]juicefruitsuit不符合规则的词:plaid[æ]because[ɔ:]laugh[α:]ea的另外两种发音Se´attle这个词中的ea并不是个字母组合，双写辅音字母强调其前面的单个元音字母a是重读音节，而且是个闭音节。[iә]ideareally[/]beautifuleither[i:]美语发音ei发[i:]音的例词很少。abroad[ɔ:]oasis[ɔ:´eisis