Minitab Presentation

Minitab12008.AprStatisticalAnalysiswithMinitab徐开荣Minitab21、Minitab的基本操作Minitab3MinitabBasics-Layout•Minitab有五个标准窗口:–Session–ProjectManager–Graph–DataWorksheet1、BasicsMinitab4•Openaproject(worksheet):–Fileopenproject(openworksheet)–Filenewminitabproject(worksheet)•Keyboardshortcuts–Showworksheetsfolder:Ctrl+Alt+D–Showgraphsfolder:Ctrl+Alt+G–Showsessionfolder:Ctrl+Alt+M–Editlastdialog:Ctrl+EOpenaprojectandshortcutkey1、BasicsMinitab52、基本图形分析Minitab6Graph常见图形ScatterplotHistogramBoxplotTimeseriesplotGraph……2、GraphMinitab7GraphScatterplotBatteries.MTW1打开BATTERIES.MTW.2选择GraphScatterplot.3选择WithRegressionandGroups,然后OK.4在Yvariables,输入FlashRecov.在Xvariables,输入VoltsAfter.5在Categoricalvariablesforgrouping(0-3),输入Formulation.6单击Scale,然后选择ReferenceLines.7在ShowreferencelinesatYvalues,输入5.25.单击各对话框OK.2、GraphMinitab8GraphScatterplotBatteries.MTW2、Graph1.51.41.31.21.11.00.97.57.06.56.05.55.04.54.03.5VoltsAfterFlashRecov5.25NewOldFormulationScatterplotofFlashRecovvsVoltsAfterMinitab9GraphHistogram用CAP.MTW中的数据，创建柱形图以描述频率分布的形状)•InMinitab:GraphHistogram…CAP.MTW2、Graph3630241812614121086420TorqueFrequency18Mean21.26StDev6.422N68HistogramofTorqueNormalMinitab10Histogram–AnotherOption…1打开PULSE.MTW.2选择StatBasicStatisticsGraphicalSummary.3在Variables,输入Pulse1.选择OK.选择“GraphicalSummary”PULSE.MTW2、Graph1009080706050MedianMean76747270681stQuartile64.000Median71.0003rdQuartile80.000Maximum100.00070.59075.14968.00074.0009.61512.878A-Squared0.98P-Value0.013Mean72.870StDev11.009Variance121.192Skewness0.397389Kurtosis-0.442443N92Minimum48.000Anderson-DarlingNormalityTest95%ConfidenceIntervalforMean95%ConfidenceIntervalforMedian95%ConfidenceIntervalforStDev95%ConfidenceIntervalsSummaryforPulse1Minitab11GraphBoxplot(BoxPlot是一种将所有的数值排序后的图形表示)（BoxPlot包含有箱子,胡须(whiskers),飞点(outliers))Whisker-(胡须)上下胡须是从四分位线延伸到上下限范围内的最高、最低值Outliers(飞点)–超出上或下限的点)UpperLimit=Q3+1.5(Q3-Q1)LowerLimit=Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1)WhiskerWhiskerMedianFirstQuartileThirdQuartileOutlier2、GraphMinitab12BoxplotExampleCARPET.MTW1打开CARPET.MTW.2选择GraphBoxplot3选择OneY下的WithGroups.单击OK.4在Graphvariables,输入Durability.5在Categoricalvariablesforgrouping(1-4,outermostfirst),输入Carpet.6单击Labels,然后选中DataLabels.7在Label标签里,选择Medians.选中Usey-valuelabels.单击OK.8选中DataView.9在Categoricalvariablesforattributeassignment,输入Carpet.在各对话框单击OK.2、GraphMinitab13BoxplotExampleCARPET.MTW2、GraphMinitab14Boxplot–AnotherOption…CARPET.MTW2、Graph432122.520.017.515.012.510.07.55.0CarpetDurability1234Carpet19.7512.8958.62513.52BoxplotofDurabilityMinitab15GraphTimeSeriesPlot1打开ABCSALES.MTW.2选择GraphTimeSeriesPlot或者StatTimeSeriesTimeSeriesPlot.3选择WithGroups,单击OK.4在Series,输入sales.5在Categoricalvariablesforgrouping(1-3),输入AdAgency.6单击Time/Scale.7在TimeScale选Calendar然后选择MonthYear.8在Month的开始值下输入1在Year下输入2000.9在各对话框单击OK.ABCSALES.MTW2、GraphMinitab16ABCSALES.MTWGraphTimeSeriesPlot2、GraphYearMonth20012000九月五月一月九月五月一月450400350300250200SalesAlphaOmegaAdAgencyTimeSeriesPlotofSalesMinitab17StatBasicStatisticsNormalityTest2、Graph1打开CRANKSH.MTW.2选择StatBasicStatisticsNormalityTest.3在Variable,输入AtoBDist.单击OK.Minitab181050-5-1099.99995908070605040302010510.1AtoBDistPercentMean0.4417StDev3.491N125AD0.891P-Value0.022ProbabilityPlotofAtoBDistNormalStatBasicStatisticsNormalityTest2、GraphMinitab193.1、基本统计量分析Minitab20StatBasicStatisticsDisplayDescriptiveStatistics3.1、StatBasicStatistics1打开PULSE.MTW.2选择StatBasicStatisticsDisplayDescriptiveStatistics.3在Variables,输入Height.4在Byvariable,输入Sex.5单击Graphs选中BoxplotofdataandIndividualvalueplot.6在各对话框单击OK.PULSE.MTWMinitab213.1、StatBasicStatisticsStatBasicStatisticsDisplayDescriptiveStatisticsMinitab223.1、StatBasicStatistics21767472706866646260SexHeightBoxplotofHeight21767472706866646260SexHeightIndividualValuePlotofHeightvsSexStatBasicStatisticsDisplayDescriptiveStatisticsSession窗口DescriptiveStatistics:HeightVariableSexNN*MeanSEMeanStDevMinimumQ1MedianQ3Height157070.7540.3422.58366.00069.00071.00073.000235065.4000.4332.56361.00063.00065.50068.000VariableSexMaximumHeight175.000270.000平均的标准误差=σ/nMinitab233.1、StatBasicStatisticsStatBasicStatisticsStoreDescriptiveStatistics将所需要的分析性数据存储在worksheet中Minitab243.2、相关与回归Minitab25Correlation3.2、StatCorrelationandRegression•打开文件DMCorrelation–Regression.mpj,worksheetCorrelationExample.mtw--Measurementdata•我们先逐个分析X和Y,及X2和Y2之间的关系.Correlations(Pearson)CorrelationofYandX=0.878Correlations(Pearson)CorrelationofY2andX2=0.391相关系数rMinitab26•相关系数(r)为-1和+1之间的某个数值。–‘-1’表示有很强的负相关–‘0’表示完全不相关–‘+1’表示有很强的正相关•判定规则:–相关系数(r).80或者-.80为显著–相关系数(r)在-.80和.80之间不显著3.2、StatCorrelationandRegressionCorrelationMinitab27RegressionR-Square回归式•为更加明显的表示X(Predictor)与Y(Response)的关系，我们用FittedLinePlot进行分析•打开DMCorrelation–Regression.mpj3.2、StatCorrelationandRegressionMinitab28FromtheFittedLinePlot,wecanseethatastheageofthepropellantincreasestheShearStrengthdecreases.Thisisanexampleofaninverserelationship.WealsoseealinearequationandanR-Sqvalue.Whatarethese?Let’sexplore!3.2、StatCorrelationandRegressionRegressionMinitab29Session窗口RegressionAnalysis:ShearStrength(psi)versusAge