马岩松的建筑设计

HutongBubble32胡同泡泡32号Year2009LocationBeijing,ChinaTypologyCourtyardRenovationBuildingArea130sqmStatusCompleteMAD'sproposalforthefutureBeijing2050wasfirstrevealedatitsexhibitionMADINCHINAinVeniceduringthe2006VeniceArchitectureBiennale.Beijing2050imaginedthreescenariosforthefutureofBeijing---agreenpublicparkinTiananmenSquare,aseriesoffloatingislandsabovethecity'sCBD,andtheFutureofHutongs,whichfeaturedmetallicbubblesscatteredoverBeijing'soldestneighborhoods.Threeyearslater,thefirsthutongbubblehasappearedinasmallcourtyardinBeijing.China'srapiddevelopmenthasalteredthecity'slandscapeonamassivescale,continuallyerodingthedelicateurbantissueofoldBeijing.Suchdramaticchangeshaveforcedanagingarchitecturetorelyonchaotic,spontaneousrenovationstosurvivetheever-changingneighborhood.Inaddition,poorstandardsofhygienehaveturneduniquelivingspaceandpotentialthrivingcommunitiesintoaseriousurbanproblem.Hutongsaregraduallybecomingthelocalinhabitants'dumpster,thehavenforthewealthy,thethemeparkfortourists.Beijing2050_ThePeople'sSquareBeijing2050_FutureofHutongsMetallicbubblesscatteredoverBeijing'soldestneighborhoodsTheself-perpetuatingdegradationofthecity'surbantissuerequiresachangeinthelivingconditionsoflocalresidents.Progressdoesnotnecessarilycallforlargescaleconstruction---itcanoccurasinterventionsatasmallscale.Thehutongbubbles,insertedintotheurbanfabric,functionlikemagnets,attractingnewpeople,activities,andresourcestoreactivateentireneighborhoods.Theyexistinsymbiosiswiththeoldhousing.Fueledbytheenergytheyhelpedtorenew,thebubblesmultiplyandmorphtoprovideforthecommunity'svariousneeds,therebyallowinglocalresidentstocontinuelivingintheseoldneighborhoods.Intime,theseinterventionswillbecomepartofBeijing'slonghistory,newlyformedmembraneswithinthecity'surbantissue.Unexpectedly,amanifestationofthisidealisticvisionhassprungupinoneofBeijing'shutongs,justthreeyearsaftertheexhibition.HutongBubble32providesatoiletandastaircasethatextendsontoaroofterraceforanewlyrenovatedcourtyardhouse.Itsshinyexteriorrendersitanaliencreature,andyetatthesametime,reflectsthesurroundingwood,brick,andgreenery.Thepastandthefuturecanthuscoexistinafinite,yetdream-likeworld.Therealdream,however,isforthehutongbubbletolinkthisculturallyrichcitytoeachindividual'svisionofabetterBeijing.Thebubbleisnotregardedasasingularobject,butasameanstoinitiatearenewedandenergeticcommunity.Underthehatchetoffast-paceddevelopment,wemustalwaysbecognizantofBeijing'slongtermgoalsandthedirectionofitscreativity.Perhapsweshouldshiftourgazeawayfromtheattractionofnewmonumentsandfocusontheeverydaylivesofthecity'sresidents.地点:中国，北京类型:四合院改造建筑面积:130sqm在2006年威尼斯建筑双年展期间,MAD的城市概念作品'北京2050'首次亮相于威尼斯个展MADINCHINA中。其中如同水滴一样散落在北京老城区的胡同泡泡，在三年之后，出现在位于北京老城区的北兵马司胡同32号的小院里。'北京2050'描绘了三个关于北京城市未来的梦想——一个被绿色森林覆盖的天安门广场，在北京CBD上空漂浮的空中之城，和植入到四合院的胡同泡泡。经济发展所推动的大规模城市开发，正在逐步逼近北京传统的城市肌理。陈旧的建筑，混乱的搭建，邻里关系的变迁，必要卫生设施的缺乏，导致这种原本美好安详的生活空间变成了很大的城市问题——四合院正在逐渐成为了老百姓的地狱，有钱人的私密天堂，游客们的主题公园。面对这种源自城市细胞的衰退与滥用，需要从生活的层面去改变现实。并不一定要采取大尺度的重建，而是可以插入一些小尺度的元素，象磁铁一样去更新生活条件、激活邻里关系；与其他的老房子相得益彰，给各自以生命。同时这些元素应该具有繁殖的可能，在适应多种生活需求的基础上，通过改变局部的情况而达到整体社区的复苏。由此，世代生活在这里的居民可以继续快乐地生活在这里，这些元素也将成为历史的一部分，成为新陈代谢的城市细胞。出人意料的是，这种微观乌托邦的理想，在展览的三年之后便开始出现在了北京的四合院里。第一个'32号泡泡'是一个加建的卫生间和通向屋顶平台的楼梯,它看上去仿佛是一个来自外太空的小生命体，光滑的金属曲面折射着院子里古老的建筑以及树木和天空；让历史、自然以及未来并存于一个梦幻的世界里。胡同泡泡真正的城市理想是把北京的古城与每个人的梦想连接在一起,在大刀阔斧的城市巨变中,我们必须重新思考北京长期的目标和想象力在哪里。也许我们可以把目光的焦点从那些大型的纪念碑式建筑移开,而开始关注人们日常生活的改善和社区生活的重建.ConstructionEngineers:BeijingNadeEnvironmentalArtDesignCo.,Ltd.DesignTeam:DaiPu;YuKui;StefanieHelgaPaul;HeWei;ShenJianghai施工单位:北京纳德环境艺术设计有限公司设计团队:戴璞，于魁，StefanieHelgaPaul，何威，申江海