孙子兵法(英文版)

TheArtofWar第0页共24页TheArtofWar孙子兵法——孙武——By：SunTzuI始计第一LayingPlans孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。SunTzusaid:TheartofwarisofvitalimportancetotheState.Itisamatteroflifeanddeath,aroadeithertosafetyortoruin.Henceitisasubjectofinquirywhichcanonnoaccountbeneglected.故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。Theartofwar,then,isgovernedbyfiveconstantfactors,tobetakenintoaccountinone'sdeliberations,whenseekingtodeterminetheconditionsobtaininginthefield.Theseare:(1)TheMoralLaw;(2)Heaven;(3)Earth;(4)TheCommander;(5)Methodanddiscipline.道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也；TheMoralLawcausesthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler,sothattheywillfollowhimregardlessoftheirlives,undismayedbyanydanger.天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；Heavensignifiesnightandday,coldandheat,timesandseasons.地者，高下、远近、险易、广狭、死生也；Earthcompriseshigherandlower;distances；greatandsmall;dangerandsecurity;opengroundandnarrowpasses;thechancesoflifeanddeath.将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；TheCommanderstandsforthevirtuesofwisdom,sincerity,benevolence,courageandstrictness.法者，曲制、官道、主用也。Bymethodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions,thegraduationsofrankamongtheofficers,themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy,andthecontrolofmilitaryexpenditure.凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。Thesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral:hewhoknowsthemwillbevictorious;hewhoknowsthemnotwillfail.故校之以计，而索其情，曰：Therefore,inyourdeliberations,whenseekingtodeterminethemilitaryconditions,letthembeTheArtofWar第1页共24页madethebasisofacomparison,inthiswise:--主孰有道？将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。(1)WhichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw?(2)Whichofthetwogeneralshasmostability?(3)WithwhomlietheadvantagesderivedfromHeavenandEarth?(4)Onwhichsideisdisciplinemostrigorouslyenforced?(5)Whicharmyisstronger?(6)Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighlytrained?(7)Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment?BymeansofthesesevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryordefeat.将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。Thegeneralthathearkenstomycounselandactsuponit,willconquer:letsuchaoneberetainedincommand!Thegeneralthathearkensnottomycounselnoractsuponit,willsufferdefeat:--letsuchaonebedismissed!计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。Whileheadingtheprofitofmycounsel,availyourselfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumstancesoverandbeyondtheordinaryrules.势者，因利而制权也。Accordingascircumstancesarefavorable,oneshouldmodifyone'splans.兵者，诡道也。Allwarfareisbasedondeception.故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。Hence,whenabletoattack,wemustseemunable;whenusingourforces,wemustseeminactive;whenwearenear,wemustmaketheenemybelievewearefaraway;whenfaraway,wemustmakehimbelievewearenear.利而诱之，乱而取之，Holdoutbaitstoenticetheenemy.Feigndisorder,andcrushhim.实而备之，强而避之，Ifheissecureatallpoints,bepreparedforhim.Ifheisinsuperiorstrength,evadehim.怒而挠之，卑而骄之，Ifyouropponentisofcholerictemper,seektoirritatehim.Pretendtobeweak,thathemaygrowarrogant.佚而劳之，亲而离之，Ifheistakinghisease,givehimnorest.Ifhisforcesareunited,separatethem.攻其无备，出其不意。Attackhimwhereheisunprepared,appearwhereyouarenotexpected.此兵家之胜，不可先传也。Thesemilitarydevices,leadingtovictory,mustnotbedivulgedbeforehand.夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！吾以此观之，胜负见矣。Nowthegeneralwhowinsabattlemakesmanycalculationsinhistemplewherethebattleisfought.Thegeneralwholosesabattlemakesbutfewcalculationsbeforehand.Thusdomanycalculationsleadtovictory,andfewcalculationstodefeat:howmuchmorenocalculationatall!ItisbyattentiontothispointthatIcanforeseewhoislikelytowinorlose.TheArtofWar第2页共24页II作战第二WagingWar孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。则内外之费，宾客之用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。SunTzusaid:Intheoperationsofwar,wherethereareinthefieldathousandswiftchariots,asmanyheavychariots,andahundredthousandmail-cladsoldiers,withprovisionsenoughtocarrythemathousandli,theexpenditureathomeandatthefront,includingentertainmentofguests,smallitemssuchasglueandpaint,andsumsspentonchariotsandarmor,willreachthetotalofathousandouncesofsilverperday.Suchisthecostofraisinganarmyof100,000men.其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，Whenyouengageinactualfighting,ifvictoryislongincoming,thenmen'sweaponswillgrowdullandtheirardorwillbedamped.Ifyoulaysiegetoatown,youwillexhaustyourstrength.久暴师则国用不足。Again,ifthecampaignisprotracted,theresourcesoftheStatewillnotbeequaltothestrain.夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。Now,whenyourweaponsaredulled,yourardordamped,yourstrengthexhaustedandyourtreasurespent,otherchieftainswillspringuptotakeadvantageofyourextremity.Thennoman,howeverwise,willbeabletoaverttheconsequencesthatmustensue.故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。Thus,thoughwehaveheardofstupidhasteinwar,clevernesshasneverbeenseenassociatedwithlongdelays.夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。Thereisnoinstanceofacountryhavingbenefitedfromprolongedwarfare.故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。Itisonlyonewhoisthoroughlyacquaintedwiththeevilsofwarthatcanthoroughlyunderstandtheprofitablewayofcarryingiton.善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，Theskillfulsoldierdoesnotraiseasecondlevy,neitherarehissupply-wagonsloadedmorethantwice.取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。Bringwarmaterialwithyoufromhome,butforageontheenemy.Thusthearmywillhavefoodenoughforitsneeds.国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；PovertyoftheStateexchequercausesanarmytobemaintainedbycontributionsfromadistance.Contribu