您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 高考主谓一致解题技巧及2012-2013高考真题解析和经典练习
主谓一致考查的重点:其实就是三条原则:语法一致,意义一致和就近(远)一致。解题方法:分析句子,找准句子主语,判断句子主语究竟是单数还是复数。在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.注意:①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4、either,neither,each,manya+单数名词,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.注意:①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.5、在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如:ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注意:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注意:anumberof“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;thenumberof“…的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.(二)逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。如:Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。如:Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。如:Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6、一些学科名词是以–ics结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./Ithinkphysicsisn’teasytostudy.7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。(三)就近一致原则:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..注意:Here引导的句子用法同上。2012—2013高考真题及解析【2013福建】23.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_______toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited答案:B.解析:aswellas连接两个主语时,看前面那个,应此排除A和C;又根据attheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo得知要用一般过去时,所以选择B.【2013湖南】33.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________around$8,450ayear,which________aburdenforsomeofthem.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is答案:A.解析:根据livingexpenses得知主语为复数,排除C,D;后一句主语为前面整句话,看作单数,所以排除B.【2013江苏】21.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothersessentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.Were答案:A.解析:根据主语motivation,排除B和D;又根据generally,要用一般过去时,排除C【2012安徽】33.Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,someofitsstoreopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.A.keepsB.keepC.havekeptD.hadkept答案:A.解析:先根据主语Walmart,得知主语为单数,排除B,C;又根据句意得知是一般情况,所以选择A【2012陕西】12.Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam,______interviewedshortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.A.wereB.wasC.isD.Are答案:B.解析:aswellas连接两个主语时,看前面那个,主语应为coach,排除A,D;再根据句意得知,这件事情发生在过去,排除C.【2012湖南】35.Allthescientificevidence____thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming_____damagingourhealth.A.show;areB.shows;areC.show;isD.shows;is答案:D.解析:evidence是不可数名词,所以谓语动词要单数,排除A,C;又根据后半句主语为use,所以也为单数,排除B附:高中英语主谓一致专项练习题及答案从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.One-thirdofthearea_____coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees_____beenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has2.Thenumberofteachersi
本文标题:高考主谓一致解题技巧及2012-2013高考真题解析和经典练习
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-4125830 .html