生物化学-专业英语单词

单词表第一章Prokaryote原核生物Eukaryote真核生物fractionation分级、分馏biomolecule生物分子organism生物体、有机体membrane膜nucleus细胞核cocci球菌bacilli杆菌spirilla螺旋菌Eubacteria真细菌Archaebacteria原细菌Gram-positive革兰氏阳性菌Gramnegativebacteria革兰氏阴性菌Cyanobacteria蓝细菌Plasma细胞浆Mesosome间体Nuleoid拟核Sytosol细胞质、原生质Bilayer双分子层（膜）Protein蛋白质Lipid脂类Carbohydrate糖类、碳水化合物osmoticpressure渗透压Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Subcellular亚细胞的Ganelle细胞器Genetic遗传的Chromosome染色体ribosomalribonucleicacidrRNAEndoplasmicreticulum内质网Phospholipid磷脂Detoxification解毒Golgiapparatus高尔基体Refresh更新Mitochondria线粒体oxidativephosphorylation氧化磷酸化fattyacid脂肪酸degradation降解Chloroplasts叶绿体thylakoidvesicles类囊体photosynthesis光合作用Lysosomes溶酶体Macromolecule大分子Enzyme酶Cytoskeleton细胞支架Metabolic新陈代谢的Centrifugation离心Isolate分离Equilibrium平衡Density密度Friction摩擦力Velocity速率Supernatant上清夜Pellet沉淀第二章Aminoacid氨基酸Enantiomers对映体Tetrahedral正四面体的Hydrophobic疏水的、憎水的Aliphatic脂肪族的Aromatic芳香族的Polar极性的Charged带电荷的GlycineGly,甘氨酸alanineAla,丙氨酸valineVal,缬氨酸leucineLeu,亮氨酸isoleucineIle,异亮氨酸methionineMet,甲硫氨酸prolinePro,脯氨酸cystineCys,半胱氨酸PhenylalaninePhe,苯丙氨酸TyrosineTyr,酪氨酸TryptophanTrp,色氨酸AsparaginesAsn,天冬酰胺GlutamineGln,谷氨酰胺SerineSer,丝氨酸ThreonineThr,苏氨酸VarginineArg,精氨酸LysineLys,赖氨酸HistidineHis,组氨酸asparticacidAsp,天冬氨酸glutamicacidGlu,谷氨酸base碱carboxyl羧基isoelectricpoint等电点positive正的、阳性的negative负的、阴性的buffering缓冲physiological生理的Primarystructure一级结构Secondarystructure二级结构Tertiarystructure三级结构Quaternarystructure四级结构peptidebond肽键sequence顺序、序列covalentBond共价键polypeptide多肽terminal末端carbonyl羰基resonancestructures共振结构rigid刚性的rotate旋转transconfiguration顺式构象disulfidebonds二硫键α-helixα-落选hydrogenbond氢键β-pleatedsheetβ-折叠片parallel平行的antiparallel反平行的randomcoil无规卷曲unique唯一的spatial空间的arrangement排列、安排linearsequence线性序列residue残基Hydrophobicinteraction疏水相互作用Interior内部的Electrostaticforce静电力saltbridge盐桥、盐键vanderWaalsforce范德华力subunit亚基allostericeffect变构效应Noncovalentinteractions非共价相互作用proteinstability蛋白质的稳定dimensional空间的、维的proton质子donor供体、赠与者lonepairofelectrons孤对电子collinear在同一直线上Hydrophobicforce疏水力Nonpolar非极性Minimize最小化proteinfolding蛋白质折叠Accessoryprotein辅助蛋白质molecularchaperones分子伴侣Myoglobin肌红蛋白Hemoglobin血红蛋白prostheticgroup辅基essential必需的heme血红素crevice缝隙protoporphyrin原卟啉porphyrin卟啉ferrous含铁的proximal最接近的cooperative协同的noncooperative非协同的dissociationcurve解离曲线sigmoidalS形曲线hyperbolic双曲线affinity亲和性bloodcapillaries血管Bohreffect波尔效应2,3-biphosphoglycerate2,3-二磷酸甘油酸Mechanism机制Relaxedstate松弛状态tensestate紧张状态hemoglobinopathies血红蛋白分子病Sickle-cellanemia镰刀形细胞贫血症Erythrocyte红血球stickypatch粘性小区therapeutic治疗的Collagen胶原蛋白Skin皮肤Bone骨骼Tendon腱Cartilage软骨bloodvessel血管mammal哺乳动物fibrous纤维状的tripeptide三肽的triple-helical三股螺旋的cross-linke交联Allysine醛基赖氨酸Antibodie抗体immunesystem免疫系统pathogen病原体trigger引发、触发response响应、应答antigen抗原antigenicdetermine抗原决定簇epitope抗原决定簇Immunolocalization免疫定位Antibody抗体Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassayELISA酶联免疫吸附测定purification提纯、纯化Homogenization匀浆solubilization溶解Ammoniumsulfate硫酸铵Precipitation沉淀Dialysis透析Chromatographictechniques层析技术gelfiltration凝胶过滤affinitychromatography亲和层析Electrophoretictechniques电泳技术isoelectricfocusing等电聚焦SDSpolyacrylamidegeleletrophoresisSDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳semi-permeable半透性ligand配基inert惰性的matrix基质elute洗出、流出lectin外源凝集素glycoprotein糖蛋白molecularsieve分子筛polyampholytes聚两性电解质gradient梯度migrate迁移、移动chymotrypsin胰凝乳蛋白酶sequencing测序2-mercaptoethanol２－巯基乙醇ninhydrin茚三酮fluorescamine荧光胺fluorodinitrobenzene二硝基氟苯dansylchloride丹磺酰氯phenylisothiocyanatePITC苯异硫氰酸酯fragment片断、碎片encoding编码decipher解读、破译anchor锚定第三章biocatalyst生物催化剂activesite活性中心substrate底物Theinduced–fitmodel诱导契合学说Stereospecificity立体异构专一性Specificity专一性Trypsin胰蛋白酶Elastase弹性蛋白酶Oxidoreductase氧化还原酶Transferase转移酶Hydrolase水解酶Lyase裂合酶Isomerase异构酶Ligase连接酶Ribozyme核酶Abzyme抗体酶catalyticantibody抗体酶analog类似物assay化验、测定optimal最佳的Coenzyme辅酶Cofactor辅因子apoenzyme脱辅酶holoenzyme全酶acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶Nicotinamide烟酰胺Adenine腺嘌呤Dinucleotide二核苷酸Phosphate磷酸Oxidation氧化reduction还原Flavin黄素Mononucleotide单核苷酸Acyl酰基thiaminepyrophosphate焦磷酸硫胺素decarboxylase脱羧酶Pyridoxal吡哆醛Pyridoxamine吡哆胺Pyridoxine吡哆醇Ubiquinone泛醌Isoenzymes同功酶Kinetic动力学lactatedehydrogenase乳酸脱氢酶proportional成比例的saturate使饱和thermal热的denaturation变性optimum最适宜的diversity多样性Michaelis-Mentenequation米氏方程double-reciprocalplot双倒数作图法inhibition抑制Inhibitor抑制剂Metabolite代谢物Irreversible不可逆的Reversible可逆的Competitive竞争性的Noncompetitive非竞争性的Probe探测Clinically临床上Regulation调节committedstep关键步骤activator激活剂Adjust调节Feedback反馈Sequential连续的Branched分支的Conformational构象的homotropiceffect同促效应heterotropiceffect异促效应Phosphofructokinase磷酸果糖激酶Citrate柠檬酸盐Fructose2,6bisphosphate2,6-二磷酸果糖phosphorylation磷酸化dephosphorylation去磷酸化hydroxyl羟基hormone激素Glycogenphosphorylase糖原磷酸化酶Phosphorylate使磷酸化glycogensynthase糖原合酶unphosphorylate使去磷酸化proteolytic蛋白质水解的proenzymes酶原zymogen酶原hydrolysis水解pancreatic胰腺的pancreas胰腺smallintestine小肠bloodclotting血液凝固amplification扩大cascade级联第四章boundary边界compartments小室Mechanical机械的signaling发信号insoluble不可溶的glycerophospholipids甘油磷脂类sphingolipids鞘脂类sterols固醇类glycerol甘油sphingosine鞘氨醇sphingomyelins鞘磷脂cholesterol胆固醇steroid类固醇Amphipathic两性的Hydrophilic亲水的Bulky体积大的self-assemble自组装的fluidity流动性rotational转动的lateral侧向的Fluidmosaicmodel流体镶嵌模型Integral整体的、内在的Flip翻跟头integr