minitab讲义

ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.打開minitab中的練習文件選擇:fileopenworksheet,出現如下畫面雙擊data文件夾,選中Exh_qc雙擊,在出現的對話框選是ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Graph(繪圖)規劃圖散點圖時間序列圖圖表直方圖箱線圖矩陣圖草圖等高線圖3D圖3D框圖3D表面圖點圖餅圖邊際圖概率圖莖葉圖英漢對照:注釋:控制圖規劃,注釋頁和圖形比例畫散點圖,線圖,區域圖和spike圖……..分類數據的條形圖,線圖和區域圖……..……..二維矩陣的散點圖二維窗格的散點圖………三維圖…………用在一條直線上方的點來表示圖各項所佔比例帶有x,y變量的直方圖等圖驗證是否服從正态等分布基于字符ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.散點圖(plot…)1.在worksheet中C1,C2輸入資料,C1,C2的樣本數要相同;左框中會出現C1,C2列,分別把他們Y,X下.2.散點圖作用:檢驗兩組數之間的線性關係ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.圖表(chart)單擊function&display的下拉箭頭,選擇圖形類型,是條形圖,線圖,還是區域圖.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.時間序列圖.1(timeseriesplot)在左欄中雙擊數據所在列到graphvariables,然後在timescale欄選calendar並選中daymonthyear,點擊options.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.時間序列圖.2(timeseriesplot)點擊options後出現如下畫面,在starttime輸入開始時間,點ok即可.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.直方圖.1(histogram)路徑為graph對應的圖,以下圖都相同,所以只提示注意點.點options:ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.直方圖.2(histogram)出現如下窗口:在definitionofintervals欄可根據愛好選擇automatic(自動),numberofintervals(間距)ormidpoint/cutpointpositions(給出指定斷開點所在列)ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.餅圖.1(piechart)在charttable欄中,categoriesin欄填項目或類別,frequenciesin欄填相應的頻數或百分比.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.餅圖.2(piechart)點擊ok後出現的圖形,它也和excel一樣可以編輯和移動ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.概率圖.1(probabilityplot)在variables欄中填入你所要檢驗的變量,點okConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.概率圖.2(probabilityplot)這是一個95%概率圖,可以得到mean均值&StDev方差,我們要注意goodnessoffit,黨AD*0.3時,我們認為這組數服從normalCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.總結:每個圖形的步驟步驟:Graphplot,histogram,pieandsoon.變量輸入:光標移到variables欄,將左欄中的對應列雙擊入.設置:點擊options,設置需要選項編輯:EditorEdit或雙擊圖ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.統計功能(Stat)基本的統計功能,光標停留在相應的項即可出現字菜單漢文解釋:基本統計方差分析實驗設計控制圖質量工具注釋:給出中位數,均值,方差等DOE:安排實驗設計Controlcharts:均值,極差,標準差等控制圖Qualitytools:常用的一些統計手法ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Basicstatistics(1)Displaydescriptivestatistics:顯示描述性統計量Normalitytest:檢驗數據是否服從正态分布ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.DisplaydescriptivestatisticsResults:給出sample(樣本),Mean(均值),median(中位數),StDev(標準差),SEMean(均值的標準誤差),Q1(第一中位數),Q3(第三中位數)ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Normalitytest觀看ASquared值是否小於0.3,或者P-Value是否大於留意水準.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Controlcharts.1每個圖都差不多,我們選標準差控制圖ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Controlcharts.2注意點:Subgroupsize欄必須=2,因為要同時做均值和極差控制圖.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Controlcharts.3因為第38點超出了控制限,所以我們必須把這個點除去以保證我們tolerance的精度.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Controlcharts.4點擊Estimate,出現以下畫面,在omitthefollowingsampleswhenestimatingparameters欄中輸入38,點擊ok.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Controlcharts.5可以對比看到我們的控制限變的精確.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Qualitytools中文解釋:Runchart:走勢圖/趨勢圖Paretochart:柏拉圖/排列圖Cause-and-effect:因果圖Capabilityanalysis(normal):CpkGaugeR&Rstudy(Crossed):MSA量測系統分析ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Runchart.1Subgroupsize欄填几,就是把你的樣本數分成几組,隨機從中取一組作圖.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Runchart.2以下為走勢圖範例:ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Paretochart.1點擊statqualitytoolsparetochart,出現如下對話框,選中chartdefectstable欄,在Labelsin輸入item,Frequenciesin輸入對應的頻數.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Paretochart.2輸入的數據不需要按照大小順序排列.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Cause-and-effects點擊statqualitytoolsCause-and-effects,出現如下對話框,選中chartdefectstable欄,在Labelsin輸入item,Frequenciesin輸入對應的頻數.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Cause–and-effects.2在causes欄輸入人,機,料,法,量測,環境;effect欄輸入失效模式,點ok.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Cause–and-effects.3編輯圖形,加入分支,箭頭等.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Capabilityanalysis(normal)與前面的步驟相似,在出現對話框中subgroupsize欄填1,lowerspec&upperspec分別填入上下限.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.Capabilityanalysis(normal).2我們需要觀看mean,stdev(within),ppk(為實際的cpk),ppmtotal(按目前能力下去百萬中的不良數)ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.MSA(GageR&Rstudycrossed)Partnunbers欄填寫測量序號,operators用1,2,3代替3個OP,Measurementdata:量測數據,點Gageinfo…出現下面對話框,在相應欄填入信息.ConfidentialCopyright©2002GemtekTechnologyCo.,Ltd.AllRightsReserved.MSA(GageR&Rstudycrossed).2點擊options,出現如下對話框,在processtolerance欄填入參數tolerance,點擊