Unit 1 词性与成分――致用英语

Unit1PartofSpeechandComponentOutline•1.PartofSpeech•2.Component•3.SentenceStracture•noun•pronoun•adjective•adverb•verb•numeral•n.•pron.•adj.•adv.•v.•num.1.PartofSpeech1.1Noun•Anounisawordusedtorefertoapersonorathing.•Littlefishcannoteatbigfish.•Failureisthemotherofsuccess.•Lilyisafoodie.NotionalWord1.2Pronoun•awordthatreferstosomeoneorsomethingwhenyoudonotneedtouseanoun,oftenbecausethepersonorthinghasbeenmentionedearlier.•Sheisafoodie.•Thisishisbook.NotionalWord1.3Adjective•awordthatdescribesapersonorthing,forexamplebig,redandcleverinabighouse,redwineandacleveridea.•Justicehaslongarms.•Itisnotrighttoleavethepartywithoutsayinggoodbye.NotionalWord1.4Adverb•awordthataddsmoreinformationaboutplace,time,manner,causeordegreetoaverb,anadjective,aphraseoranotheradverb•Sometimesitishardtoacceptthetruth,becausetheliessoundsomuchbetter.•真相有时之所以难以接受，是因为谎言听起来更加悦耳。NotionalWord1.5Verb•awordorgroupofwordsthatexpressesanaction(suchaseat),anevent(suchashappen)orastate(suchasexist)•Ittastesreallygood.•Whateveryoudo,pleasenevergiveup.•Imaynotbeabletochangethepast,butIcanlearnfromit.NotionalWord1.6Numeral•asignorsymbolthatrepresentsanumber•Romewasnotbuiltinoneday.NotionalWord•article•preposition•conjunction•interjection•arti.•prep.•conj.•interj.PartofSpeech1.7Article•Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind.•Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.FunctionalWord1.8Preposition•WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.•入乡随俗。FunctionalWord1.9Conjunction•Youwillalwaysbeabletomakemoney,butyoucannotmakemoretime.FunctionalWord1.10Interjection•hah•ohFunctionalWord•countablenoun•uncountablenoun•pluralnoun•simplenoun•intransitiveverb•transitiveverb•c•u•pl.•sl.•vi•vtPartofSpeechex.Writedownthepartofspeech.•you•happy•three•quickly•student•cut•a•at•and•oh•pron.•adj.•num.•adv.•n.•vt.•art.•prep.•conj.•interj.2.Component•主语，句子说明的人或事。•1.一般位于句首或谓语之前。•1.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth•2.Oneswallowcannotmakespring.•Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.Isalawyeroradoctor?Hasgotabigflat?Shallhaveaswimwithyourfriends?2.疑问句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Sitdown,please.Comein,please.3.祈使句中主语常省略Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveinthepoorhouses.Nosoonerhadshegivenhimawelcomethanshewentintopreparehimameal.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Thereisaclockonthewall.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!倒装句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后Therebe结构中主语在be动词之后1.One-thirdisproduced.2.Runningdoesgoodtothehealth.3.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.4.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.5.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.8.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（不定式）（名词化的形容词）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（名词）（数词）（从句）（动名词）（代词）1.Honestisafinequalityofhumanbeingsandthereforeweshouldnottelllies.2.Helpothersistohelpourselves.3.DoalotofhouseworkdayandnightmadeCatherinebecomeweakerandweaker.4.Liuxianggotthefirstplaceinthe2004OlympicGamesshockedpeopleallovertheworld.5.Inmyopinion,visituniversitiesisjustapopularculture.单句改错（只有一处错误）。•awordorgroupofwordsthatexpressesanaction(suchaseat),anevent(suchashappen)orastate(suchasexist).（二）谓语：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Shetakesgoodcareofhersickmother.2、复合谓语：（1）情态动词+动词原形。HecanspeakFrenchveryfluently.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.（2）系动词+表语。Thefilmisinteresting.Helookedabitexcited.6.ItiswarmherealltheyearroundbecauseGuangzhoulocatedinthemiddleofGuangdongprovince.7.TogetpreparedfortheAsianGames,Guangzhoubuilt82sportscourtssofar.8.Itnotonlyhavealotofhigh-risebuilding,butisalsofamousforthescenicspots.9.Canitattractsthetouristsfromhomeandabroad?单句改错（只有一处错误）。•anoun,nounphraseorpronounthatreferstoapersonorthingthatisaffectedbytheactionoftheverb(calledthedirectobject),orthattheactionisdonetoorfor(calledtheindirectobject)（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.Pleasetakethemtothewaitingroom.3.Ihavethree.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Maryenjoysplayingthepiano.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词）（代词）（数词）（名词化形容词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（从句）（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.Weconsidertheanswerwrong.•(ofanadjective形容词)comingafteraverbsuchasbe,become,get,seem,look.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。1.YangLiweiisanastronaut.2.That’sallIwanttotellyou.3.Threetimesfouristwelve.4.Theweatherhasturnedwarm.5.Thespeechisexcitingandthestudentsareexcited.6.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.7.MyjobistoteachEnglish.8.Ourteacherisn’tin.Heisout.9.Heisingoodhealth.10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.系动词：描述稳定状态：be描述变化或结果：get,become,turn,grow,go,prove,fall描述表象或感官效果：look,appear,seem,smell,taste,sound,feel,描述持续状态：keep,stay,remain,•(ofadjectivesornouns形容词或名词)usedbeforeanountodescribeit（五）定语：起修饰作用，翻译成“……的”1.Heisacleverboy.2.Yourhairneedscutting.3.There’sonlyonewaytodoit.4.Thereisababygirl.5.Wecannotusesleepingpillsatrandom.6.Theretiredworkerfindlifeboring.7.That’sthewaytodoit.8.ThisisamapofChina.9.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.10.Thecarthat’sparkedoutsideismine.•awordthataddsmoreinformationaboutplace,time,m