初中宾语从句的讲解与运用

TheObjectClause(Revision)宾语从句（复习）宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。宾语从句概念：句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当，当一个句子充当宾语时,我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的三要点：1、引导词2、从句语序3、从句的时态由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句一、引导词：取决于从句的语气1.从句是陈述语气时，引导词用that.2.从句是一般疑问语气时，引导词用if或whether.3.从句是特殊疑问语气时，引导词用特殊疑问词。e.g:I'mafraidthatyouareright.Iwanttoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Ididn'thearwhathewantedmetodo.DoyouknowwhosebagIamcarrying?HeaskedmeifItaughtEnglish.注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.Ihear(that)____________________________.（一小时后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)__________________________.（他非常想念我们）3.Theteachertoldus(that)______________________________________.（地球围着太阳转）hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmovesaroundthesun由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句1.Heasked.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他们在等谁）3.Heasked________________________________.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_______________________________.（我们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪儿）6.Couldyoutellme____________________________.（我该怎么去车站）9.Wouldyoutellme_________________________（为什么火车迟到了）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Iwanttoknow_________________________________.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_____________________.（他是否能来）3.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornot1、当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.2、在不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.例如：Ihaven’tmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.二、从句语序：一律用陈述语序主句+引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他HeaskedmewhenIarrivedinShanghai.Iwanttoknowwheretheywillgo.Couldyoutellmewhatyouarereading?Idon'tknowwherehelives.e.g:CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum?Heaskedhimwherehecamefrom.Didyouknowwhat’sthenameofthehandsomeboyintheclassroomyesterday？PleasetellmewhereIcanbuythebeautifulflower.请注意观察红色字体的语序三、主.从句的时态呼应1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。2.主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g:Hesaysthatheisreadingabooknow.Hesaidthathewouldworkhard.TheysaidtheyhadbeentoFrance.Thestudentsaskedmeiftheearthgoesroundthesun.具体的时态的变化1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.gIhear(that)TomhasbeentoGuilintwice.Ihear(that)shewillcometomorrow.Ihear(that)Jimwenttoworkanhourago.Ihear(that)heisinterestedinEnglish.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.gHesaid(that)hewouldgotoXi’an.Hesaid(that)hewasillyesterday.Hesaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Hesaid(that)hehadhadsupperalready.3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.gHesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.ThePEteachersaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealth.标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.gHeaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest.Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?四、宾语从句的标点符号五、宾语从句的否定形式：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是think、expect、believe、guess、imagine、suppose等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。e.gIdon’tthinkit’sgoingtorain.Idon’tbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是hope，则不适用于此规则。e.gIhopehewon’tcome.n六、宾语从句与直接引语变间接引语的关系。n直接引语变为间接引语之后通常都构成一个宾语从句。因此我们要掌握好宾语从句的用法必须也要熟悉直接引语变间接引语的规则。DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫____________;直接引语用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫_________。间接引语直接引语通常都用____________括起来，引号“”间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个________。宾语从句DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechShesaid,“Ilikesinging.”Shesaid,“Iamwaitingforabus.”Shesaid,“IvisitedEuropelastyear.”Shesaid,“IhavenevermetanAmerican.”Shesaid,“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Shesaidthatshelikedsinging.Shesaidthatshewaswaitingforabus.ShesaidshehadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.ShesaidshehadnevermetanAmerican.Shesaidthatshewouldseemethenextweek.SUMMARY直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that（可省略）引导宾语从句.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等相应变化.１、人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾第三人称不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.注:直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.时态变化2直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextmonththenext/followingmonthheretherecome,go,bringtake情态动词can,may,mustcould,might,hadtoDirectSpeechIndirectSpeechSheasked,“Haveyouseenthefilm?”Sheaskedmewhether\ifIhadseenthefilm.Heasked,“Areyouadoctor,John?”HeaskedJohnif\whetherhewasadoctor.Sheaskedus,“Whereareyougoingtogetoff?”Sheaskeduswhereweweregoingtogetoff.Heaskedthem,“Whogaveyouatalkyesterday?”Heasked