延续性非延续性动词

现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词1.延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:⑴for+一段时间，如:for2years;⑵since从句,如sincehecamehere;since+过去时间点，如sincelastyear,since5daysago。在现在完成时的肯定句中，短暂性动词不能与表示时间段的for短语，since短语或从句连用。也不能与表示时间段的howlong引起的疑问句连用。例如：(1)Ihaveboughtthebookfor2weeks.(x)Ihaveboughtthebook.(√)Ihaveboughtthebooksincetwoweeksago.(x)Ihaveboughtthebooktwoweeksago.(x)Ihavehadthebookfortwoweeks.(√)(2)Theoldmandied4yearsago.=Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.Itis/hasbeen4yearssincetheoldmandied.Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.2.短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：(1)go(to)/come(to)/arrive/getto/reach/move---bein/atbecome---bereturn/goback/comeback---beback例如：HearrivedinBeijingtenminutesago.=HehasbeeninBeijingfortenminutes.Mysisterbecameanengineerin2005.=Mysisterhasbeenanengineersince2005.TheywenttoShanghaiyesterday.=TheyhavebeeninShanghaisinceyesterday/foroneday.(2)open---beopenclose---becloseddie----bedeadmarry---bemarriedgetmarried---bemarriedleave---beawayfinish/end---beoverbegin/start---beongotosleep/fallasleep---beasleepfallill---beillgetup---beupsitdown---beseatedgotoschool---beastudent例如：Heleftfiveminutesago.=Hehasbeenawayforfiveminutes.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.=Thefilmhasbeenonsincetenminutesago.(3)buy---haveborrow/lend---keep/havecatchacold---haveacoldputon---weargettoknow---knowbegintostudy---study例如：Sheboughtthisbooklastyear.=Shehashadthisbooksincelastyear.(4)join---bein/beamemberof…+the组织机构/bea组织机构memberjointheParty=beintheParty=beaPartymember=beamemberofthePartyJointhearmy=beinthearmy=beasolider参军HejoinedtheLeaguein2013.HehasbeenintheLeaguesince2013.HehasbeenamemberoftheLeaguesince2013.HehasbeenaLeaguemembersince2013.ItisthreeyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.