失去爆破、连读、意群、上升

失去爆破失去爆破1.爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/中任何两个音相邻，第一个音只做发音的姿势，刚要发出时，立即发出第二个爆破音。这个就叫“失去爆破”。a.在单词内部。e.g.doctorblackboardlamppostb.在单词连读中。e.g.agoodtimearedtiegood-byesitdownpp:ripepearpb:soapbubblept:cuptie英国足球淘汰赛pd:deepdownpk:pipecleaner烟斗杆子pg:lampglassbp:robPeterbb:rubbrisklybt:obtainbd:cabdriverbk:Bobcamebg:describeGreentp:wetpainttb:pocketbooktt:fasttraintd:greatdealtk:notcleantg:whitegoosedb:cardboarddt:goodtimedd:fielddaydk:redcarddg:goodgirlkp:silkpursekb:inkbottlekt:actorkd:publicdutykk:blackcatkg:parkgategp:flagpolegb:dogbiscuitkg:parkgategp:flagpolegb:dogbiscuitgt:ragtimegd:digdowngk:eggcupgg:biggirl不完全爆破•2．爆破音+摩擦音或破擦音•（摩擦音：/f,v,T,ð,s,z,S,Z,r,h/）•（破擦音：/ts,dz,tr,dr,tS,dZ/）•当一个爆破音后面紧跟着一个摩擦音或破擦音时，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：对于前一个爆破音，作好发音的姿势，刚发出时，立即过渡到第二个摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一个爆破音发出的声音是非常轻微的，有时甚至听不出来。这种现象叫做不完全爆破。例如/ttS,tdZ,dtS,ddZ,ptS,pdZ,gtS,gdZ/等。这样的组合出现时，前面的爆破音就需要不完全爆破了。例如：•picture/'piktSE/•bigjug/'big'dZg/•goodchild/'gud'tSaild/•thatjoke/'DQt'dZEuk/鼻腔爆破当爆破音后面紧跟鼻辅音时，爆破部位由口腔爆破改为鼻腔爆破。爆破音(t,d)＋鼻辅音(m,n)发音方法：两个音同时发音，舌尖紧紧顶着齿龈，用气流冲击软腭使之下降打开鼻腔的通道，爆破声从鼻子里出来。e.g.Goodmorning.e.g./tn/writtenBritaincertainfrightenwhitenesspartnerwitnessatnightstartnowwhatnext/dn/hiddenburdenpardonwoodensadnesskidneygoodnightredrosebreadknife/tm/excitementatmosphereabitmorewhitemiceeightmen/dm/admitsadmusicagoodmanybroadminded舌侧爆破/t/,/d/+/l/发爆破音的时候，舌尖贴住齿龈，舌的两侧贴住上颚的两侧，为后面的/l/音做准备，在爆破音的气流冲击下声音从舌的两侧泄出，称为舌侧爆破。例：/tl/littlebattlesettlecattlebottle/dl/middlemuddlemodelneedlePractices•Group1:•whitechalkgreatchange•loudcheersagoodtry•agoodchildabitdry•asecondchoiceablackjacket•agoodjobabigtree•ahardjourneyafasttrain•asweetdreamacolddrink•Group2：•goodmorningattendmeetings•notminehelpme•don'tknowatnoonnotnow•oddnumbersgoodnight•quitenearaloudnoise•animportantmatteradifferentmeaning•goodnewsurgentneeds•agoodmemory•Group3：•activeblackboard•post-cardSeptember•hardtimesquitedifferent•wetgroundhotbed•takecarenextdoor•Group4：•oldfriendsstepforward•brightfuturefirstvisit•justthinktakethree•brightthoughtjustthen•askthemredstars•firststepkeepsilent•folksongsabigzoo•bookshelvesdon'tshout•makesurethatchair•先将下列短文中的弱读、失去爆破和不完全爆破划出，然后练习朗读：•LadiesandGentlemen,Ihavesomegoodnewsandsomebadnews.First,thegoodnews.ThedivethatyoujustwatchedinOlympicDivingeventwasthewinningdive.Now,thebadnews.Theswimmingpoolwasempty.连读朗读下列短语，注意连读：ablock_offlatsthecorner_ofthestreetatin_ofpeasthetop_ofthemountainapiece_ofcakein_aforeigncountryaglass_ofwateran_instantsuccessacup_ofteasuch_ashorttimeniceclear_airsend_itbymailan_Englishgirlwait_amomentanice_ideaalot_ofnoiseavisitto_Indiaonce_in_awhilean_apologyawaste_oftimemade_up_ofnot_intheleastin_AmericaWar_andPeaceout_ofdateOut_ofAfricawait_andseeDeath_ontheNilehave_arestTheWizard_ofOzAlice_inWonderlandtime's_upamother_ofthreeCat_onaHotTinRoof对下列短文作语音分析，首先标出重音、连读和失去爆破或不完全爆破的音节，然后反复练习朗读：•WhenanAmericantodaysaysmyfamilyiscomingtovisit,heorsheisusingfamilytoincludecousins,uncles,grandparents,oranyotherrelativeswhodonotlivewithhimorher.Thatis,thispersonisusingfamilythewayitwasused150yearsagowhenthemajorityofAmericanswerefarmers.Inthatearliertime,ofcourse,threeormoregenerationslivedunderoneroof—grandparents,theirchildren,theirchildren'sspouses,andtheirchildren'schildren.•Yetfamilyisaveryvagueword.Itcanmean,forexample,thespeaker'sparents,whodonotlivewithhimorher.Ontheotherhand,itcanmeanunclesandaunts,niecesandnephews,firstandsecondcousins,orevenin-laws.Asaresult,theexpressionimmediatefamilyhascomeintouse.Itmeanssomethingbetweenthenarrowestuseoffamilyandthebroadestone:usuallythegrandparents,theirchildrenandtheirchildren'schildren.意群停顿•句子可以按照它的意思和结构分成小段，这样的小段就叫做意群。例如下面两个句子按意群来分是这样的：•1)Bythetimehearrived/hewascompletelyexhausted.•2)WhenIleaveBeijing/Iwillleave/withveryfondmemories/ofthecityandit'speople/andwithanincreasedknowledgeofChina.•在说话和朗读时，意群的作用是：如果感到句子很长，一口气说不下来，可以在意群和意群之间有一个很短的停顿（换气）。正确的停顿应该在意群和意群之间。同一个意群内不应停顿。•意群之间的停顿不是固定的，而是灵活的。可以按照个人的需要，可停顿也可不停顿，可多停顿也可少停顿。•AnimalInstincts•Georgeisayoungman.Hedoesnothaveawife,buthehasaverybigdog—andhehasaverysmallcartoo.Helikesplayingtennis.LastMondayheplayedtennisforanhourathisclub,andthenheranoutandjumpedintoacar.Hisdogcameafterhim,butitdidnotjumpintothesamecar;itjumpedintothenextone.•Comehere,sillydog!Georgeshoutedatitbutthedogstayed/intheothercar.•Georgeputhiskeyintothelockofthecar,butthekeydidnotturn.Thenhelookedatthecaragain.Itwasnothis!Hewasinthewrongcar!Andthedogwasintherightone!He'ssittingandlaughingatme!Georgesaidangrily.Butthenhesmiled/andgotintohiscarwiththedog.AnimalInstincts•Georgeisayoungman.Hedoesnothaveawife,/buthehasaverybigdog/—andhehasaverysmallcartoo.Helikesplayingtennis.LastMonday/heplayedtennis/foranhour/athisclub,andthenheranout/andjumpedintoacar.Hisdogcameafterhim,/butitdidnotjumpintothesamecar;/itjumpedintothenextone.•Comehere,/sillydog!/Georgeshoutedatit/butthedogstayed/intheothercar.•Georgeputhiskey/intothelockofthecar,/butthekeydidnotturn.Thenhelookedatthecaragain.Itwasnothis!Hewasinthewrongcar!Andthedog/wasintherightone!He'ssitting/andlaughingatme!Georgesaidangrily.Butthen/hesmiled/