语言与翻译

Lecture1LanguageandTranslationSpokenLanguageVerbalLanguageWrittenLanguageGesturesNonverbalLanguageSignsSpaceTaskofTranslation:Converttheideasandinformationinonelanguagesystemintothatofdifferent(foreign)languagesystems.SignsofrestroomsaroundtheworldFeaturesofLanguages•1Thecomplexityofthelinguisticsigns•Words•Phrases•Sentences•Paragraphs•Sections•Punctuations•Style•Tone•TenseASymbolandtheSymbols:symbolsandcontextTakealookatthefollowinggroupsofsymbols,getafeelofhowthecontextaffectsthemeaningoftheindividualsymbols.•FromNtoS,fromEtoW.•YourSex:(M)(F)•U–shapediron;T–shapedsteel•U.Ndocuments;USAsoldiers;CPCmembers中国共产党（CommunistPartyofChina）；•Class–Amanagement;suittoaT•Thestructure:S+V+O;AVIPhotel•GREtest;TOFLEscores•美国研究生入学考试（GraduateRecordExamination）•TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage，作为外语的英语考试•VOAnews;FromAtoZ彻底地；从头至尾；自始至终•China’sGNP国民生产总值（grossnationalproduct）•DNAresearch脱氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleicacid）[di:'ɔksi,raibəunju:'kli:ik]ASymbolandtheSymbols:wordsandphrasesReadthefollowingcolloquialisms,studyhowthewordchangesinmeaningwheninconnectionwithotherwords.[kə'ləukwiəlizəm]•1.agreetodisagree•2.gettheupperhand•3.costanarmandaleg•4.paythroughthenose•5.fallasleepattheswitch•6bringhomethebacon•7morebarkthanbite•8likeabearwithasorehead•9haveabeeinone’sbonnet•10makesb.’sbloodboil11ablessingindisguise12cookthebooks13bringdownthehouse14putabuginsb.’sear15carryachiponone’sshoulder16behotunderthecollar17feellikeamilliondollars18handlewithkidgloves19keepastiffupperlip20havesomeone’snumber•Whenwedisagree,weshouldagreetodisagreeagreeably.•当我们不同意对方的意见时，我们也应该处之泰然。•Itrytobecoolandsensible,butsometimesmyfeelingsgettheupperhandofme.•我想冷静，有理智，但是有时候我爱感情用事。•Theseresorthotelschargeanarmandalegforadecentmeal.•在这些旅游胜地的餐馆像样地吃一顿要花很多钱。•Idon'twanttopaythroughthenoseforanything.It'sstupidtowastesomuchmoneyonsomethingyoucanbuycheapersomewhereelse.•我可不会这么傻在这儿买这么贵的东西，本来这可以在别的地儿花比较少的钱就能买到的。•Don'tfallasleepattheswitchwhenthejobisofferedtoyou.•当你有机会得到这一工作时，千万不要掉以轻心。•Heworksnightanddaytobringhomethebacon.•他夜以继日辛勤工作维持生活。•Shealwaysscoldsherchildren,butthechildrenknowsheismorebarkthanbite.•她动不动就骂她的孩子们，但孩子们都知道她是刀子嘴豆腐心。•Nokia'saction,however,seemstobemorebarkthanbite.•Ishouldn'ttalktohimthismorning-he'slikeabearwithasorehead.•今天早上我不应该同他说话——他的情绪恶劣。•Amyalwayshasabeeinherbonnet.•艾米总是一心一意做一件事。•Hedid'ntknowituntilIputabuginhisear.我向他透漏之后他才知道这件事情。Iknowyouwanttotransferredtothesalesdepartment.I'llputabugintheboss'earforyou.我知道你想调到销售部去，我会往老板耳朵里吹吹风。•carry/have/wearachiponone'sshoulder是说准备随时吵嘴、打架的样子，一般是指感到委屈、一有机会就爆发的人，例如：Hehasbeenwearingachiponhisshouldereversincehewasgiventhesack（他给炒鱿鱼之后，动不动就发脾气了）。•Igethotunderthecollarafterhearingthis.•It'sbeautifulmorning,andIfeellikeamilliondollars.•真是一个美好的早晨，我心情好极了。•handlesomeonewithkidgloves•解释：温和地(或谨慎地)对待tobeverycarefulwithatouchyperson.•例句：•Billhasbecomesosensitive.Youreallyhavetohandlehimwithkidgloves.•Youdon'thavetohandlemewithkidgloves.Icantakeit.••keepastiffupperlip•坚定不移；勇敢地面对灾祸•Eventhoughhewasonlythreeyearsold,Jonathankeptastiffupperlipthewholetimehewasinthehospitalrecoveringfromhissurgery.•Jill:SometimesthisjobfrustratesmesomuchIcouldjustbreakdownintears.Jane:Keepastiffupperlip.Thingsareboundtoimprove.•havesomeone’snumber清楚某人的底细；心中有底•Words:small•Phrases:concise;avoidingredundancy•Sentences:short•Paragraphs:more•Sections:clear•Punctuations:correct•Style:natural•Tone:polite•Voice:activeSmallwords•Findasimplewordsimilarinmeaningtothefollowingwords.•Currently:•Duplicate:•Demonstrate:•Facilitate:•Premium:•Terminate:•Utilize:Phrases:concise;avoidingredundancy•asyoumayormaynotknow:asyoumayknow•atalltimes:always•atthispointintime:now•incompliancewithyourrequest:atyourrequest•intheeventthat:if•intheverynearfuture:soonDearSirs:WehavereceivedyourletterdatedMarch10alongwithyourpricelistonvarioustools＆hardware.Thankyouverymuch.Beforeplacingtheorder,wewillbegladifyoucansendusonesampleforeachofthefollowingitemforourtestandfinalapproval.Pleasesendalltherequestedsamplesbyairifpossible,sothatwecanmakeanearliestdecision.Yourearlyreplywillbehighlyappreciated.Trulyyours,•敬启者：•获悉贵公司三月十日函及内附各种五金工具的报价单，特此申谢。•在下订单之前，凯信公司祈能获赐下列产品的样品每样一个，以供试验与认证。如有可能请将所有样品以航空邮包寄送，以便我们能尽快做出决定。•敬候速复••××××敬上•2Languageisnotonlyrestrictedbyitsowngrammarandlinguisticrules,butalsolockedbytheexclusiveness(排他性)causedbynationalcultureandsocialhabits.•E.g.格格不入,EnglishHumor•格格不入:asquarepeginaroundhole•1.Hisappearancehereislikeasquarepeginaroundhole.•他在这里出现，显得有些格格不入。•2.Sheisoutofstepwithmodernlife.•她与现代生活格格不入。•3.Dishonestyisforeign/alientohisnature.•弄虚作假与他的本性水火不容。•4.Underhandworkofthatsortisagainstthegrainwithme.•这种欺诈的勾当跟我格格不入。•5.Hefelthedidnotbelongamongthosepeople.•他觉得和那些人格格不入。•6.Hisideaswereoutoftunewiththeperiodinwhichhelived.•他的思想与他所处的那个时代格格不入。•7.Asanon-golfer,Ifeltlikeafishoutofwaterattheclubhouse.•我不会打高尔夫，因而在俱乐部觉得有些格格不入。•8.Ineverfitinatschool.•我在学校一直都格格不入。raspberry['rɑ:zbəri,'ræ-]n.覆盆子；Filling:适合做馅的Addictive:上瘾的3similaritiesanddifferencesoftwotypesoflanguages（P10）扫帚星jinxYellowpublications