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•一、常考的十类动词及词组•1.连系动词•特点:后面常接形容词或名词,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种:•(1)变化类,表事物发展变化的过程,如become,go,turn,grow,get,fall,come等。•(2)感官类,表人体部位的感受,如feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。•(3)状态类,表事物所处的状态,如keep,remain,stand,lie,stay,prove,turnout等。•(4)外表特征类,表外表给人的印象,如appear,look,seem等。•2.感官动词和使役动词•常考的感官动词有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find,catch等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义。•常考的使役动词有make,have,let,keep等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语,表达不同的含义。如:Helookedaroundandcaughtaman__________hishandintothepocketofapassenger.•A.putB.tobeputting•C.toputD.putting•【解析】D•catchsbdoingsth“发现、发觉某人做某事”,doingsth为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。•可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有:•feel,hear,have,get,see,watch,notice,observe,find,keep,leave等。•3.不用被动语态的动词及动词短语•英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。•(1)某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征,不用被动。•这类动词有:sell,wash,write,last,read,wear等。如:Thisnewproductsellswell.这种新厂品很畅销。Thiskindofclothwasheswellandlastslong.•这种布耐洗而且耐用。•Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。•WritteninsimpleEnglish,thisarticlereadseasily.•因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的,所以读起来很容易。•(2)某些及物动词转为不及物动词后,其主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词有:open(打开,营业),close(关门),shut(关闭),cut(切割),weigh(重),act(上演)等。如:•Thisshopopensmuchearlierthanitusedto.•这家商店比过去开门更早了。•Eachstoneweighstwotons.每块石头重达两吨。•(3)某些不及物动词及词组,本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。•这类动词及词组有:happen(发生),occur(发生),cost,takeplace(发生)•comeout(出版),turnup(被找到),•comeintobeing(产生),•cometoone‘smind(想起),•comeintouse(开始使用),turnout(证明是),•comeabout(发生),breakout(爆发),•belongto(属于),comeup(被提出),•beworth(值得做),betoblame(受责备)等。如:•ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe18thcentury.•第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于18世纪。•Suddenlyanideacametohismind.•他突然想到一个主意。•Whoistoblameforbreakingthevase?•打碎花瓶应由谁负责?•Theproblemfinallycameupatthemeeting.•这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。•Eventhebesttheorycanturnout(tobe)wrong.•即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。•(4)“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”句式中。•当形容词说明主语具有某种特征,主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时,其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,heavy,fit,expensive等。如:•Thephysicsproblemiseasytoworkout.•这道物理题很容易算出来。•Aguideisexpensivetoemploy.•雇用向导花钱很多。•Thiskindoffishisnotfittoeat.•这种鱼不适合吃。•4.接动名词作宾语的动词或词组•常见的有:avoid,can'thelp,can'tstand,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,imagine,fancy,keep,mind,miss,practise/practice,putoff,resist,risk,suggest,admit,appreciate,deny,forbid等。如:•Thebirdwasluckytoescapebeingcaught.•这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。•Heisalwayspractising/practicingplayingthepianoafterschool.他经常放学后练习弹钢琴。•5.接不定式作宾语的动词•常见的有:afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,hope,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want等。如:•Hecan'taffordtobuysuchanexpensivecar.•他买不起这么贵的车。•Tommanagedtocutdowndozensoftrees.•汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。•6.表示“需要”意义的动词•这类词既可直接接动名词,也可接不定式的被动语态,但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是:need,want,require等。如:Yoursickmotherneedslookingafter.=Yoursickmotherneedstobelookedafter.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。•7.接虚拟语气的动词•有些动词表示“应该(或命令、建议、要求等)”时,其后的宾语从句用should加动词原形,其中should常可省略。它们是:order,suggest,insist,advise,demand,request,require,propose等。如:•PetersuggestedthatTomgothereatonce.•彼得建议汤姆立刻去那。Ourteacherrequiresthisbedoneinnotime.我们老师要求这个立刻完成。8.表示“计划未能实现”的动词•此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式,或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气,表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是:intend,mean,plan,hope,expect,think,want,suppose等。如:•Ihadmeanttotellyouaboutityesterday,butthesnowstormpreventedme.•Theyhopedtohavestayedthereaweek,buttheycouldn'tbecauseofanotherimportantmeeting.•9.现在表将来类•这类动词(词组)常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。它们是:come,go,leave,start,arrive,move,begin,fall,see,stay,takeoff等。如:•Yourplanetakesoffataquarterpasttwointheafternoon.•你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。•Iamcomingtothat.•TheNationalDayisdrawingnear.•10.带介词to的动词短语•带介词to的动词短语有:be(get)usedto,leadto,devote…to,lookforwardto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,adaptto等。当它们后面出现动词时,要用v.ing形式。•二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语•1.以break为中心•breakawayfrom脱离,逃离•breakdown出故障,崩溃,粉碎,瓦解•breakin闯进,打断•breakinto闯入;强行进入•breakout爆发,发生•breakoff打断,断绝,折断;突然终止•breakthrough突破;克服•breakup破碎;解散,分解;结束•Theplan____justbecausepeoplewereunwillingtocooperate.•A.turneddownB.pulleddown•C.brokedownD.putdown•2.以bring为中心•bringabout导致,引起,促使•bringback带回,使回忆,使恢复•bringdown使下降,打垮,击落•bringforward提出;提前•bringin把……带进来;引进;挣得(收入)•bringon导致,引起,使发展•bringout使显现;出版•bringup抚养,养育,培养•*NowI’dliketo_____thequestionoffunds.•A.bringaboutB.bringdown•C.bringforwardD.bringin•3.以call为中心•callat访问(某地);停泊在•callaway叫走;把(注意力)转移开•callfor需要,要求;接(某人),迎•callin召集,收集;下令收回•calloff取消,下令停止•callon要求,恭请;号召;拜访(某人)•callout下令罢工;召唤出动•callup打电话给……;召集;使想起•---CanIdothejob?•---I’mafraidnot,becauseit____________skillandpatience.•A.callsforB.asksfor•C.sendsforD.caresfor•4.以carry为中心•carryaway冲走,带走;冲昏某人头脑•carryback拿回,运回;使想起•carryoff成功地对付;获得(奖品)•carryon坚持,继续,进行•carryout贯彻,执行,实施•carrythrough坚持到底,进行到底;履行(承诺)•Theaudiencewere______byherbeautifulsong.•A.carriedawayB.carriedon•C.carriedoutD.carriedthrough•5.以come为中心•comeabout发生•comeacross偶尔发现;偶然遇到•comeback回来;恢复,复原•comeoff(头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落,离开•comeon上演;开始;赶快;发展•comeout出来;发芽;出版;结果是;说出•comeover访问;突然感到•comeround/around苏醒;拜访;再次发生•cometoanend终止,结束•cometolife苏醒•cometolight明朗化,出现,显露出来•cometooneself恢复常态•whenitcomesto…就……而论,谈到•cometrue实现,成为现实•comeup走近;发生;发芽;(问题)被提出•*******************************************************•*Whenit______tennis,youcan’tbeather.•A.
本文标题:动词和动词短语精品课件
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