英语不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词

非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive不定式Gerund动名词Participle分词Structure(结构):tobedoneInfinitive:todoNegative(否定):nottodoPassivevoice（被动形式）:(1).主语Subject不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.It____________________________________.Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apitytodo.Ittakessb+timetodo.isimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。Itisnotgoodforyoutosmoke.2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。Itisapleasuretohavedinnerwithyou.Itonlytooktwoyearstocompletetheproject.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1(2).表语PredicativeMyjobisYourtask______________(努力学习).istostudyhardToseeistobelieve.toteachyouEnglish.Thesedayseveryonewantstogetrichfast.(3)宾语Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.+todoliketodomanagetodo接不定式做宾语的动词想要拒绝忘记wantrefuseforget需要努力学习needtrylearn喜欢同意帮助likeagreehelp希望决定开始hope/wishdecidebegin/startthinkconsiderfindmakefeel形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。Ihopetohearfromyousoon.5.我决定不留下来。Idecidednottostay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Studentsthought______________________.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。Shethoughtitunnecessarytoarguewithhim.itinterestingtoplaycomputergames.it+adj.+todo巩固练习2Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.(4).宾补Complement四看watchseeobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feel当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.医生建议他去南方.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.+sbtodo不定式作宾补省略to的动词不定式，作宾补，下列词后省略to:四看三使役，二听一感半帮助，(seenoticewatchobserve,lethavemake,hearlistento,feel)若是宾补变主补，to词一定要回府。eg.Isawhimplayinthepark.Hewasseentoplayinthepark.Imadehimdohiswork.He______________________byme.Seesbdosth---sbbeseentodoHewasseen___fromthetreeandgethurt.A.fallB.tofallC.fallingD.fallen改错:Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour.totalkwasmadetodohiswork(5).定语Attributive(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)Heislookingfor__________.（一间可以住的房子）Thereisnothing___________.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。I’dlike________________________________.afewbookstoreadduringthejourney---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?---Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudytoworryaboutThetopicstobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.（没有什么可担心的）aroomtolivein•不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.注意以下几种情况不定式的用法*在thefirst,thesecond…，thelast和only之后，只能用todo。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom．*如果understand，realize,know用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用todo。如：Ibegantounderstandthetruth．*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo,而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如：(√)Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．(×)Nottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．(√)Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen．*soastodo一般不放在句首。(√)Hegetupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus．(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning．Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)状语Adverbialinorderto,soasto,1.表目的2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表结果Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.enough…to,too…to,onlyto,etc.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.注意：1.在“主语+系动词+表语（形容词）+todo”结构中，句子主语与不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语特征性质，需要不定式主动表被动。动词不定式在做表语的形容词后做状语。eg.Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Thisbookiseasytounderstand.用于此类结构的形容词通常有：easykinddifficultimportantimpossibleinterestingpleasantnicecomfortablesafedangerous2.一些动词不定式短语可做独立成分，常位于句首，有时也位于句中和句末，要逗号隔开。eg.Totellyouthetruth,Idonotliketheleadingactressinthemovie.3.不定式做状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语必须一致。eg.TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.1.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept2001春季高考第21题巩固练习2翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In1935helefthomenevertoreturn.主动语态被动语态进行式完成式完成进行式TenseandVoice（不定式的时态与语态）tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone----------tohavebeendoing----------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)•who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitationornot.(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)不定式与疑问词连用:•关于省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?(2).不定式是tobe,be不可省；如果是完成时态，have不可省.e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?A.I’dliketoB.I’dliketogoYes,_______.A.I’dliketobe.B.I’dliketo.Yes,______.1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作宾语补足语5.作定语6.作状语总结不定式在句中承担的成分:1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9.Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.10.Howtosolvethisproblemisveryimportant.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）独立成分表目的和疑问词连用1.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread2.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.(01年高考)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold巩固练习33.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented4.TheEmperororderedthewonderf