中国政法大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析

ⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Oneofthebasiccharacteristicsofcapitalismistheprivateownershipofthemajormeansofproductioncapital.Theownershipoflargeamountsofcapitalcanbring1profits,aswellaseconomicandpoliticalpower.Somerecenttheorists,2,havearguedthatoursocietyhasmovedtoanewstageof3thattheycall“postGengduoyuanxiaowanzhengkaoboyingyuzhentijiqijiexiqinglianxiquanguomianfeizixundianhua:silinglingliuliubaliujiuqiba,huojiazixunqq:qiqierliuqibawusanqiindustrial”society.Oneimportantchangeinsuchasocietyisthattheownershipof4amountsofcapitalisnolongertheonlyoreventhemostimportant5ofprofitsandinfluence;knowledgeaswellas6capitalbringsprofitsandinfluence.Therearemany7withthethesisabove,nottheleastof8isthatwealthycapitalistscanbuytheexpertsandknowledgetheyneededtokeeptheirprofitsandinfluence.Butthisdoesnot9theimportanceofknowledgeinanadvancedindustrialsociety,asthe10ofsomenewindustrialindicates.11,geneticengineeringandthenewcomputertechnologyhave12manynewfirmsandmadesomescientistsquiterich.In13withcriticismofthepostindustrialsocietythesis,however,(i.e.,majorcorporations)soon15totakemostprofitsintheseindustriesbasedonnewknowledge.Movingdownfromthelevelofwealthandpower,westillfindknowledgeincreasingly16.Manynewhigh-techjobsarebeingcreatedattheupper-middle-classlevel,butevenmorenewjobsarebeingcreatedinthelow-skill,low-payingservice17.Somethinglikeacastelineisemergingcenteredaroundknowledge.Individualswhofalltoofarbehindinthe18ofknowledgeatayoungagewillfinditalmostimpossibletocatchlater,nomatterhowhardtheytry.IlliteracyintheEnglishlanguagehasbeenasevere19formanyyearsintheUnitedStates,butwearealsomovingtothepointwhencomputerilliteracywillhindermanymorepeopleand20themtoalifeoflow-skillandlow-paidlabor.1.[A]quantitative[B]extensive[C]comprehension[D]sophisticated2.[A]moreover[B]however[C]therefore[D]nevertheless3.[A]aggression[B]proficiency[C]productivity[D]evolution4.[A]dominant[B]impressive[C]magnificent[D]significant5.[A]source[B]factor[C]component[D]element6.[A]adequate[B]profitable[C]material[D]spiritual7.[A]advantages[B]consequences[C]problems[D]potentials8.[A]them[B]those[C]which[D]that9.[A]deny[B]refuse[C]admit[D]acknowledge[A]emergence[B]innovation[C]extinction[D]discovery11.[A]Inaddition[B]Forexample[C]Aboveall[D]Inshort12.[A]produced[B]created[C]improved[D]facilitated13.[A]line[B]need[C]doubt[D]match14.[A]idealized[B]recognized[C]supervised[D]summarized15.[A]steppedin[B]settleddown[C]leanedover[D]turnedout16.[A]accessible[B]important[C]popular[D]abundant17.[A]enterprises[B]employment[C]professions[D]industries18.[A]control[B]mastery[C]search[D]pursuit19.[A]handicap[B]penalty[C]inconvenience[D]shortcoming20.[A]enforce[B]punish[C]confine[D]condemnSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1HalftheworldspopulationwillbespeakingorlearningEnglishby2015,researcherssay.TwobillionpeopleareexpectedtostartlearningEnglishwithinadecadeandthreebillionwillspeakit,saysaBritishCouncilestimate.Otherlanguages,suchasFrench,riskbecomingthecasualtiesofthis“linguisticglobalization”.Buttheboomwillbeoverby2050(Unesco)oneducationprovision,demographicprojections,governmenteducationpoliciesandinternationalstudentmobilityfigures.TheimpactofeducationalinnovationsandotherdevelopmentsaffectingtheworldpopulationincludingtheChinesegovernmentspolicyofonebabyperfamilywerealsofactoredin.Basedonitsfindings,Mr.GraddolhaspredictedthattheworldisabouttobehitbyatidalwaveofEnglish.“Manygovernments,especiallyincountrieswhichhaverelativelyrecentlygainedindependence,areintroducingtheteachingofEnglishunderautilitarianbanner.”“ButEnglishpredominatesinthebusinessworld,andforsuchcountriestobeabletocompeteforwork,includinglucrative(profitable)outsourcingcontracts,Englishisbeingpushedheavilyfromkindergartenon.”(sourceofwealth)onofferfromoutsourcingmeansevenmathsandsciencearebeingtaughtinEnglishatsecondaryschoolsinMalaysia.ButdemandforEnglishteachingwoulddropaschildrenprogressthroughacademia,andmoreuniversitiesacrosstheworldchoosetoteachinthelanguage.Mr.Graddolalsoestimatedthattheboomwouldbeoverby2050.“Englishlanguagestudentswillbedownfromtwobillionto50