军事英语基本词汇和表达(英汉对照)

军事英语基本词汇和表达MilitarySystem军制PLA’shighestpolicy-makingbody:CentralMilitaryCommission(CMC)ThePLAGeneralDepartmentsareimmediatelyunderit.Theyare:theHeadquartersoftheGeneralStaff,theGeneralPoliticalDepartment,theGeneralLogisticsDepartment,andtheGeneralArmamentsDepartment.(总参谋部，总政治部，总后勤部，总装备部)ThePLAiscomposedofdifferentarmsandservices,theyare:Army,Navy,AirForceandSecondArtillery.Thelargestarmyunitismilitaryareacommands(军区).Theestablishmentofarmyunitgoesas:grouparmy,division,brigade,regiment,battalion,company,platoonandsquad.（集团军、师、旅、团、营、连、排、班）~commander~leader模拟~-----simulated~MilitarySystemMilitaryServicesandArms军兵种ThemodernArmyhasmoreandmorearms.Theyare:Infantry,artillery,armoredforce,engineer,Airdefenseforce,armyaviation,specialtroops,reconnaissancetroops,communicationunit,electroniccountermeasureservicemenandsoon.TheAirForcecomprisesfightingaviationarms,bomberaviationarms,parachutecorps(airbornetroops),missilecorps,radarcorps,etc.•TheNavyiscomposedof•surfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit,navalaviation,marinecorps,coastaldefenseandsoon.RanksInTheChineseArmedForces一级上将----GeneralFirstClass上将--------General中将--------LieutenantGeneral少将--------MajorGeneral大校--------SeniorColonel上校--------Colonel中校--------LieutenantColonel少校--------MajorRanksInTheChineseArmedForces上尉--------Captain中尉--------FirstLieutenant少尉--------SecondLieutenant军事长------MasterSergeant专业军士----SpecialistSergeant上士--------Sergeant,FirstClass中士--------Sergeant下士--------Corporal上等兵------Private,FirstClass列兵--------PrivateRanksInTheNavy一级上将----Admiral,FirstClass上将--------Admiral中将--------ViceAdmiral少将--------RearAdmiral大校--------SeniorCaptain上校--------Captain中校--------Commander少校--------LieutenantCommander上尉--------Lieutenant中尉--------Lieutenant,JuniorGrade少尉--------Ensign军事长------ChiefPettyOfficer专业军士----SpecialistPettyOfficer上士--------PettyOfficer,FirstClass中士--------PettyOfficer,SecondClass下士--------PettyOfficer,ThirdClass上等兵------Seaman,FirstClass列兵--------Seaman,SecondClassRanksInTheNavy一级上将----General,FirstClass上将--------General中将--------LieutenantGeneral少将--------MajorGeneral大校--------SeniorColonel上校--------Colonel中校--------LieutenantColonel少校--------MajorAirForce上尉--------Captain中尉--------FirstLieutenant少尉--------SecondLieutenant军事长------MasterSergeant专业军士----SpecialistSergeant上士--------TechnicalSergeant中士--------StaffSergeant下士--------Corporal上等兵------Airman,FirstClass列兵--------Airman,SecondClassAirForceCommonOrders起床！集合！出（上）操！立正！稍息！向右看-齐！向左看-齐！向前-看！报数！点名！到！立定！靠拢！Getup!Fallin!Attenddrill!Attention!Atease!Right-dress!Left-dress!Eyes-front!Countoff!Calltheroll!Rollcall!Here!Halt!Close!CommonOrders向左-转！向右-转！向后-转！齐步-走！踏步！跑步-走！正步-走！右转弯-走！左转弯-走！前进！一二一！Left-face(Leftturn)!Right-face(Rightturn)!About-face(Aboutturn)!Forward-march(Marchoff)!Marktime-march!Double(time)-march!Marchatattention!Right-wheel!Left-wheel!Advance!Leftrightleft!CommonOrders取(拿)枪！肩枪！枪放下！卧倒！装子弹！退子弹！射击！起立！解散！Takearms！Shoulderarms！Orderarms！Down！Load！Unload！Fire！Getup(Standup)！Dismiss！400m-ObstacleRace&PhysicalTraining四百障碍和体能训练软桥螺旋梯高低杠浮桥模拟沙滩阻绝墙单杠双杠仰卧起坐越野跑训练场softbridgecocklestairsunevenbarsfloatingbridgesimulationbeachstopwallhorizontalbarparallelbarssit-upcross-countryracetraininggroundWeaponsandEquipmentClassificationofWeaponsByuser–whatpersonorunitusestheweapon;Byfunction–theconstructionoftheweaponandprincipleofoperation;Bytarget–thetypeoftargettheweaponisdesignedtoattackA.Classification–ByuserPersonalweapon/Smallarmhandgun,rifle,shotgun,manual,semi-automatic/fullautomaticweaponman-portablemachinegunLightweaponrocket,missile,grenadelauncher,rocketlauncher,landmine,antiaircraftgun,mortar,handgrenade,rocket-propelledgrenade(RPG)Personalweapon/Smallarm+LightweaponSALW小/轻武器（小武器）散弹枪/猎枪便捷式机枪榴弹发射器火箭发射器；火箭筒高射炮迫击炮手榴弹火箭推进榴弹Heavyweapon:missile,combatvehicle,tank,howitzerInfantrysupportweapon(crew-servedweapon):班组支援武器medium,heavymachinegun,anti-tankgun,anti-aircraftgun,recoillessrifle,automaticgrenadelauncher,mortarwithcaliberlessthan120mm(4.72inches),shoulder-launchedmissileweapon,staticanti-tankandanti-aircraftmissileA.Classification–Byuser榴弹炮无后坐力炮口径静态的A.Classification–ByuserFortificationweapon防御工事武器MountainweaponspackhowitzersVehicleweaponscannon;sentrygun;remoteweaponsystem(RWS)Aircraftweapons:guns,cannons,bombs,missiles,rockets,air-launchedtorpedoes空投鱼雷远程遥控武器系统A.Classification–ByuserNavalweapons:submarine-launchedballisticmissilesSpaceweapons:Anti-satelliteweapons(ASAT)Autonomousweapons:Militaryrobotarecapableofaccomplishingamissionwithlimitedornohumanintervention潜射弹道导弹Daksh-RemotelyOperatedVehicledevelopedbyDRDOGuardium-anIsraeliunmannedsecurityvehicle(USV)PackBot-aseriesofmilitaryrobotsMQ-9Reaper,unmannedcombatairvehicle(UCAV)MQ-1Predator,remotepilotedaircraftNon-lethalweaponsSuicideweaponsAntimatterweaponsB.Classification–Byfunction中国奉行防御性的国防政策。中国把捍卫国家主权、安全和领土完整，保障国家发展利益和保护人民利益放在高于一切的位置，努力建设与国家安