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英语连词(1)2011-03-23一、并列连词1、表示对等关系的并列连词。使用该类并列连词时必须保持结构对等,词性统一,在句子中要使用对等成分,不可失之偏颇。常用的该类连词有:and,either...or,neither...nor,aswellas,both...and,notonly...butalso。如:•Thisisanoldclockthatisnotonlyveryhandsomebutalsoaccurate.2、表示选择关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有:or,orelse,otherwise,ratherthan,either...or。如:•Youshouldgetthelicenserightaway,oryou'llhavetopayafine.•3、表示转折和对比关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有:but,while,whereas,yet,however,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary。如:Sheisafunnygirl,yetyoucan'thelplikingher.•4、表示因果关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有:so,for,therefore,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly。如:Itwasrainingheavily,sothesportsmeetingwaspostponed.二、从属连词1、引导时间状语的从属连词。该类连词除一些常用的外,还包括:assoonas,themoment(一……就……),theminute,theinstant,once,immediately(一……就……),nosooner...than(一……就……),hardly...when(刚……就……)。如:Hetoldmethenewsimmediatelyhegotit.2、引导地点状语的从属连词。该类连词有两个:where和wherever。如:Wherethereisalife,thereisahope.3、引导条件状语的从属连词。该类连词除if,unless和ifonly(要是……就好了),还有:provided(that),providing(that),supposing(that),suppose,incase(that),aslongas(只要),onconditionthat。如:IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuysomenewclothes.•4、引导目的状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:sothat,that,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase(that)。例如:Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt.•5、引导原因状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:as,because,since,inthat,nowthat(既然),seeingthat(鉴于)。例如:Seeingthatitiseighto'clock,we'llwaitnolonger.•6、引导比较状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:as,as...as,less(more)...than,themore...themore。例如:Themorewecandoforyou,thehappierwewillbe.•7、引导方式状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:as,asif(好像),asthough(好像)。例如:Heatcanflowfromahotbodytoacoolerbodyasifitwereafluid.•8、引导结果状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:so...that,such...that,so(that)。例如:Heissuchanhonestmanthateveryonewouldliketotrusthim.•9、引导让步状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有:though,although,evenif,eventhough,while,as,whatever,however,whoever,nomatter...(不管)。例如:Hardashetried,hefailedtopasstheexam.三、连接代词和连接副词•这类词用来引导名词性从句。连接代词有:that,which,what,who,whose等;连接副词有:when,where,how,why等。四、关系代词和关系副词•这类词用来引导定语从句。关系代词包括:who,that,which,as,whose,whom等。关系副词包括:when,where,why,how等。•关系代词和关系副词起着三重作用:其一,它们连接着主句和从句;其二,它们代表着主句的一个先行词(which和as还可以代表主句中的一个词组或整个句子);其三,它们又在从句中充当成分。特殊的连词一.由动词转化成的连词•1.suppose(如果,假使)引导条件状语从句。例如:Supposeitrains,whatshallwedo?如果天下雨,我们该怎么办?•2.save(除了,只是)引导状语从句,表示伴随状况。例如:Asimilartimetablehasbeenused,savethatthemorningbreakisshorter.已经采用了差不多相同的时间表,只是早上的休息时间缩短了。二.由分词转化成的连词1.现在分词由现在分词转化成的连词有seeing(考虑到……),supposing(假定),providing(如果……的话),considering(考虑到)等,可用来引导条件状语从句。例如:(1)Hecanstayhereprovidingheworks.如果他工作的话,他可以留在这儿。(2)Supposingthatyou'vemadesomeprogress,youshouldnotbeproud.假定你有了一些进步,你也不应该骄傲自大。(3)Consideringtheyarenewcomers,they'vedoneverywell.考虑到他们是新来的,他们已经做得很好了。2.过去分词由过去分词转化成的连词有provided(如果……的话;以……为条件),granted(假定;即使)等,可用来引导条件状语从句。例如:(1)Youmaygo,providedyourworkisdone.如果你的工作做完了,你就可以走了。(2)Grantedthathehasenoughmoneytobuythehouse,itdoesn'tmeanhe'sgoingtodoso.即使他有足够的钱来买这栋房子,他也不一定会这么做。三.由副词转化成的连词directly和immediately均表示“一……就,马上,立刻”的意思,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如:(1)DirectlyIhaddoneit,IknewIhadmadeamistake.我刚做完这件事,就知道出错了。(2)IcameimmediatelyI'deaten.我一吃完就来了。四.由名词转化成的连词由名词转化过来的连词,前面一般都有定冠词。1.themoment,theinstant,theminute这几个词组都表示“一……就,马上,立刻”的意思,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如:(1)Iwillmeetyoutheinstantyouarrive.你一到我就去见你。(2)Themomentyouleave,pleasetellme.你一动身就请告诉我。2.thefirst(或second,next,last)time(或moment)表示“在某一次……的时候”,可用来引导时间状语从句。例如:IlikedherthefirsttimeImether.第一次见到她时我就喜欢上了她。五.介词短语转化成的关联连词常见的有forfearthat(唯恐),incasethat(假使),inorderthat(为了),onconditionthat(如果),withtheresultthat(结果)等,可用来引导条件、目的或结果状语从句。例如:(1)Hehurriedhomeforfearthathemightmisshisguests.他急忙赶回家,唯恐见不到他的客人。(2)IncaseI'mlate,startwithoutme.如果我来晚了,你们不必等我。(3)IwasinthebathwiththeresultthatIdidn'thearthetelephone.我正在浴室里洗澡,结果没有听见电话铃响。(4)Theyflewthereinorderthattheymightbeintimetoattendtheopeningceremony.为了能及时参加开幕典礼,他们乘飞机到了那里。常用的英语连词•1)先后次序关系:atthistime;first;second;atlast;next;previously;simultaneously;eventually;lastbutnotleast;tobeginwith;tostartwith;toendwith;finally;seeing...;sincethen;firstofall;afterwards;followingthis;precedingthis.•2)因果关系:because;becauseofthis;beingthat;anotherimportantfactor/reasonof...;since;as;for;inthat...;owingto;dueto;forthereasonthat...;inviewof;thereasonseemstobeobvious;thereareabout...;forthisreason;asaresultofthis;therefore;...andso...;consequently;asaresult;thus;hence;so;sothat...;inconsequence;asaconsequence;accordingly;inevitably;undertheseconditions;thereupon.•3)转折关系:but;evenso;however;though;eventhough;independentof;recklessof;despitethat;inspiteofthat;regardlessof;yet...;andyet;but,unless.•4)并列关系:and;also;too;aswellas;either...,or...;both...and...•5)(补充)递进关系:furthermore;moreover;further;Inthisway;still;notonly...butalso...;not...but...;inaddition(to);additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically,next,besides;asfaras...isconcerned;moreover;inotherwords;alongthislineofconsideration;ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...;even;asapoplarsayinggoes...;inordertodoit...;meanwhile;atthesametime;accordingly;Inthefirstplace...,inthesecondplace...;equallyimportant;ofevengreaterappeal.•6)比较关系:similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith;whencomparedwith;comparedwith;wheninfact...;like...;likewise;similarlyimportant;apartfr
本文标题:英语连词
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