阅读理解解题技巧主旨大意2013.10.17

近年考试中所有的试题都是在语篇中考查，听力，阅读，写作等无一例外全都突出语篇的重要性，所以必须高度重视语篇能力．语篇能力－－HowtograspthemainideaofapassageHowtograspthemainideaofapassage－－inreading.Partone阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类主旨题标题类文章主旨段落主旨1.标题类试题常见的题干形式•(1)Thebesttitleforthispassageis.•(2)Thesuitableheadlineforthispassagemaybe•(3)Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis.•(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?(体现概括性,避免远离主题)2.文章主旨类试题常见的题干形式•(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?•(2)Thepassagetalksabout...•(3)Thepassagetellsusthat...•(4)Thispassagemainlydealswith...•(5)What’sthemainidea/topicofthepassage?(体现全面性,避免以偏概全)3.段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式•(1)Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyisthat.•(2)Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith?•(3)WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraphone?•(4)What’sthemainideadiscussedinthefirstparagraph?(体现针对性,避免张冠李戴)解题技巧技巧一：识别文体技巧二：找关联词技巧三:抓线索技巧四:找高频词技巧一：识别文体新闻报道导语提携全文议论文总--分--总（论点－论据－结论）说明文主题句（首－－中－－尾）记叙文记叙文六要素On26January,AustraliaDay,inover200locationsacrossthenation,morethan9,000peoplewillbecomeAustraliancitiziens.“Bythesecitizenshipceremonieswewelcomethosewhohavecomefromoverseasfrommanydifferentculturalandsocialbackgroundsintoourcommunitiesandournation,”saidtheMinisterforCitizenshipandMulticulturalAffairs.“AustraliaDaycelebrationsthatincludepeoplefromsomanybirthplacesareanezcellentwaytoencouragetolerance,respectandfriendshipamongallthepeopleofAustralia.”Mostcitizenshipceremonieswillbefollowedbydisplaysofsinginganddancingfrommanyofthemigrants’homelandsandthetastingoffoodfromallovertheworld.OnAustraliaDay,________.A.peoplesinganddancetogetherB.peopleenjoyAustraliafoodC.somepeoplefromoverseaswereacceptedasthecitizensinAustraliaD.peoplecantravelalloverAustraliaEg.2Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?议论文总--分--总55．Whatisthemainidea?A.cigarettesmokingcancausecancerB.smokingcancausethemostseriousandterribledisease(illness)C.smokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblemsD.smokingisharmful.Deg.3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hu--rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSale(detail)(detail)(detail)HoweverButNotonly…butalsoAlthough/thoughAswellas•Eg.4•MrsTurner’stelephonenumberwas3463;thenumberofthecinemainhertownwas3464,peopleoftenmadeamistakeandtelephonedherwhentheyactuallywantedthecinema.•OneeveningthetelephonebellrangandMrsTurneransweredit.Atiredman’svoicecameoverthetelephone:”Atwhattimedoesyourlastfilmbegin?””I’msorry”,saidMrsTurner,“butyouhavethewrongnumber.Thisisnotthecinema.”•“Oh,Itbegantwentyminutesago,”saidtheman.”I’msorryaboutthat.Well,goodbye.”•MrsTurnerwasverysurprised,soshetoldherhusband.Helaughedandsaid,”No,thatwasn’tamistake.Theman’swifewantedtogotothecinema,buthewasfeelingtired,sohetelephonedthecinema.Hiswifeheardhim,butshedidn’thearyou.Nowtheywillstayathomethisevening,andthehusbandwillbehappy!”WhywasMrsTurnersurprised?Becausethetiredman_______.A.wantedthecinemabutcalledawrongnumber.B.AskedherasillyquestionwhichsherefusedtoanswerC.Saidsomethingthathadnothingtodowithheranswer.D.Wasangrywithhimselfforhavingmadeamistake.cEg.5Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi--onalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance（so,therefore,thus,inconclusion,inshort,allinall,overall,clearly,plainly,Infact）技巧二：找关联词技巧三:从段落中归纳要点抓大意，理清线索.有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题.这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意eg.6TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail技巧四:从段落中寻找高频率词任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词Eg.9Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem.Itisexpectedtocarry20,000trucksandcarsaday,whichgre