英语状语从句用法

我们都知道在书面英语中不能写没有谓语的句子。谓语可用状语来修饰，状语主要由副词或与之相当的其他词类、短语或从句担任，下面主要讲述状语从句，特别是状语从句中的注意事项。定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。1.AdverbialClausesofTime:（时间状语从句）DifferentKindsofAdverbialClauses:2.AdverbialClausesofReason(原因状语从句）3.AdverbialClausesofConditions(条件状语从句）4.AdverbialClausesofPlace(地点状语从句）5.AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的状语从句）6.AdverbialClausesofResult（结果状语从句）7.AdverbialClausesofComparison（比较）8.AdverbialClausesofConcession(让步）9.AdverbClausesofManner(方式状语从句)1.AdverbialClausesofTime:（时间状语从句）when,while,as,before,after,since,until,assoonas,everytime,eachtime,themoment,bythetime,immediately,theminute,thesecond….1)Whenhecomesheretomorrow,I’llcallyou.(atthattime)I.when2)HenryisinchargeoftheofficewhenMr.Smithisaway.(duringthetimethat)When---正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或beaboutto时，在翻译的时候，when可以译成没想到或突然。Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.Iwasabouttofallasleepwhenmysistercamein.1)Whilehewaswalkinginthestreet,hemetTim.(分词短语）Whilewalkinginthestreet,hemetTim.Walkinginthestreet,hemetTom.2)Strikewhiletheironishot.3)Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.IIwhileIII.as(一边...一边,随着）1)Astheywerepickingtea,thegirlsweresinginghappily.2)Shesangassheworked.3)Asshegrewolder,shebecamemorebeautiful.IV.Before1)Itwon’tbelongbeforehefinisheshiswriting.ItwasnotlongbeforeIforgotitall.(Itwas/willbe…before…是常用句型)HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.V.After1)Afterhe(had)finishedhiswork,heleftthere.He(had)finishedhisworkbeforehelefthere.Afterfinishinghiswork,helefthere.Havingfinishedhiswork,helefthere.VI.since(fromthetimethat)自从……,通常主句用现在完成时1)Ihaveknownhimeversincehewasaboy.2)IhaveworkedheresinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.*3)Itis(hasbeen)twoyearssincehecamehere.VII.until(till)(uptothetimethat)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Not…until---直到……才1)Hewillnotgotobeduntil(till)hismothercomes.2)Untilshetoldme,Ihadnoideaofwhattheyhadsaid.3)Itisnotuntilhismothercomeshomethathewillgotobed.(强调结构）VIII.assoonas1)Assoonasshegothome,shebegantocook.Ongettinghome,shebegantocook.*IX.everytime,eachtime,themoment1)Everytime/eachtimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.2)Therewasanapplausethemoment(assoonas)sheappearedonthestage.immediately,directly一……就……Directlythemastercamein,everyonewasquiet.校长一进来，大家就安静下来。Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediatelysheheardthenoise.那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。X.bythetime1)Bythetimehearrived,thetrainhadalreadygone.2)Bythetimehecomes,wewillalreadyhaveleft.2.AdverbialClausesofReason(原因状语从句）because,as,since,nowthat,for,和consideringthat,seeingthat这七个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.I.because1)Theshipchangeditscoursebecausetherewasastorm.Theshipchangeditscoursebecauseofthestorm.2)Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Hewasill,sohedidn’tgotoschool.Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.II.as---因为,通常放在句首1)Asshewaslateforclass,shehadtosaysorry.2)AsJanewastheoldestinthisfamily,shehadtolookaftertheothers.III.since因语气较弱,常译为既然1)Sinceyouareill,you’dbettergotoseethedoctor.2)Sinceyoudonotunderstand,Iwillexplainagain.IV.nowthat1)Nowthatclassisover,let’sgotoplayfootball.V.forHemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.consideringthat---鉴于,考虑到Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.seeingthat---由于Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.•比较：because,since,as和for•1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题.当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知就用as或sinceIdidn'tgo,becauseIwasafraid.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.•2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.3.AdverbialClausesofCondition(条件状语从句）I.if1)Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.2)Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.Workharder,andyouwillsucceed.Workharder,oryouwon’tsucceed.Workingharder,youwillsucceed.II.unless---如果不,除非=ifnot1)Wecan’twritetoMaryunlessshetellsusheraddress.Wecan’twritetoMaryifshedoesn’ttellusheraddress.*III.aslongas(只要)1)IwillnevergiveuplearningaslongasIlive.2)Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.*IV.onconditionthat（条件是）We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy.*V.incase(假使,如果）Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.Providedthat如果,有时省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Youcanbecomeastewardessprovidedthatyouareingoodshapeandyouhavegotthepropereducation.4.AdverbialClausesofPlace(地点状语从句）地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,whereverYoumayfindhimwherehisparentslive.Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.5.AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的状语从句）引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lestLet’stakethefrontseats(so)that(inorderthat)wemayseemoreclearly.Let’stakethefrontseatsinorderto(soasto)seemoreclearly.(So)that/inorderthat从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等forfearthat---生怕;为了防止(某事发生)Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.Theinstructoremphasizedontheissuethreetimesforfearthatthestudentsdidnotpayenoughattentiontotheproblem.incase---万一Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Pleasetakeanumbrellaincaseitrains.Lest---以防万一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.Themanageroftheworkshopaskedhisstafftoworkovertimelestth