毕业设计论文智能超声波避障小车

编号：毕业设计(论文)说明书题目：智能超声波避障小车系别：电子工程系专业：电子信息工程题目类型：理论研究实验研究工程设计工程技术研究软件开发应用研究摘要随着当今社会智能化越来越高，智能性交通工具的改善是必不可确少的，由于交通工具的普及，由于驾驶员的长时间驾驶引起精神注意力不集中而发生许多严重的交通事故比比皆是，所以智能车的诞生是必然的，它致力于提高汽车的安全性、适应性、舒适性、和提升良好的人车交互界面。自主智能寻迹避障小车是通过单片机、传感器、信号处理器、电机驱动以及自动控制等技术来实现环境感知和自动行驶相结合的高新技术综合体，随着不断提高企业生产技术以及不断加深对自动化技术的要求，智能车已广泛的应用于许多工业部门。可以说它已日益深入到社会和工业的各个方面，例如：智能车在物流运输方面的应用；智能车在军事领域的应用；智能车在社会生活中的应用；智能车在智能运输系统上的应用等等。这些应用可以使社会上正在面临各种各样的问题得以有效解决，对于城市公共交通服务质量的提高，缓解各地交通拥堵，减轻交通管理，道路建设压力起到积极的推动作用。在我国高科技水平的日益提高的同时，工业自动化进程也在不断地推进，智能小车能够通过自动采取一些躲避障碍物的措施，有效避免交通事故的发生，同时也被广泛应用于各种玩具和其他产品的设计中，极大地丰富了人们的生活。本次设计主要是利用ATmega16单片机，超声波传感器、红外线传感器和L298N完成避障小车的制作。以ATmega16为主控芯片，利用超声波传感器对距离的检测，将前方障碍探测出，并且通过超声波的传回数据以及红外线传感器对小车两侧的障碍物位置的确定，进行判断，1602液晶显示所测距离，然后由ATmega16单片机发出指令，控制电机转动，电机驱动采用常用的PWM方式进行电机的调速控制。关键词：智能小车；单片机；超声波；避障AbstractAsintelligentintoday'ssocietymoreandmorehigh,theimprovementoftheintelligenttransportationiswillnotdoless,duetothepopularityoftraffictools,becausethedriverfromdrivingforalongtimeofthespiritofinattentionandmanyserioustrafficaccidents,sothebirthofsmartcarsisinevitable,itaimstoimprovevehiclesafety,adaptability,comfort,andpromotegoodinteractiveinterface,autonomousintelligenttracingcarobstacleavoidanceisbysingle-chipcomputer,sensor,signalprocessors,motordriveandautomaticcontroltechnologytorealizeenvironmentalawarenessandthecombinationofautonomousdrivingtechnology,alongwiththecontinuouslyimproveenterpriseproductiontechnologyaswellasthegrowingdemandforautomationtechnology,intelligentvehiclehasbeenwidelyusedinmanyindustrialsectors.Ithasincreasinglydeepintothesocialandindustrialaspects,suchas:intelligentcarapplicationsinlogistics;Smartcarinthefieldofmilitaryapplication;Smartcarintheapplicationofsociallife.High-techlevelrisinginourcountryatthesametime,industrialprocessautomationisinconstantpropulsion,smartcarcanautomaticallytakesomemeasurestoavoidobstacles,effectivelyavoidthehappeningoftrafficaccident,butalsoarewidelyusedinthedesignofallkindsoftoysandotherproducts,greatlyenrichedpeople'slife.ThisdesignmainlyuseATmega16singlechipmicrocomputer,ultrasonicsensors,infraredsensorsandL298Ncompleteobstacleavoidancecarproduction.ATmega16asmaincontrolchip,usingultrasonicsensorstothedetectionofthedistance,willbeinfrontoftheobstacledetection,andreturnedbyultrasonicandinfraredsensorsdatafordeterminingobstaclesoneithersideofthecarposition,judge,1602liquidcrystaldisplaymeasureddistance,andinstructionsissuedbytheATmega16singlechipmicrocomputertocontrolmotorrotation,themotordriverusesthecommonlyusedPWMmotorspeedcontrolintheformofcontrol.Keywords:intelligentcar;Singlechipmicrocomputer;Ultrasound;Obstacleavoidance目录引言...........................................................................................................................................11系统设计..........................................................................................................................11.1任务要求............................................................................................................................11.2总体设计............................................................................................................................12方案论证..........................................................................................................................22.1系统控制模块设计方案论证............................................................................................22.2电机的选择方案论证........................................................................................................32.3避障模块设计方案论证....................................................................................................42.4显示模块设计方案论证....................................................................................................52.5直流调速方案设计............................................................................................................52.6电源模块设计方案论证....................................................................................................53元器件介绍......................................................................................................................63.1AVR单片机主控芯片介绍.................................................................................................63.2L298N驱动芯片.................................................................................................................63.2.1L298N驱动芯片介绍.......................................................................................................63.2.2L298N驱动芯片特点.......................................................................................................63.3直流电机............................................................................................................................63.4超声波传感器....................................................................................................................73.4.1超声波传感器概述.........................................................................................................73.4.2接口说明.................................................