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ENGLISHREADINGSKILLS英语阅读技巧内涵1Facts事实2MainIdea主旨3Sequence顺序4Context语境5Conclusion结论6Inference推论PartOneFACTSwhowhatwherewhenhowwhyFactsvsOpinionsAfactisanythingthatcanbevalidatedorproved.Ifastatementcanbeprovedrightorwrongbyverifiablemeasurementortesting,itisafact.Factsareallaroundyou.Thebeachismadeofsand.Thatisafact.Wateriswet.Thatisanotherfact.StatementsoffactStatementsoffactpresentinformationwithoutinterpretingit.Theyimplyneitherjudgmentnorevaluation.Unlikestatementsofopinion,statementsoffactcanbeverifiedinrecords,tests,orhistoricalorscientificdocuments.eg:BritishColumbiareceives47inchesofrainyearly.Thetemperatureintheovenis35°.MyfriendJimisaresidentofBeijing.Hediedin1520.E.T.hasgrossedmoremoneythananyotherfilminhistory.It’ssunnyoutside.Foreachofthesestatements,youcanverifytheaccuracybygoingtosourcebooks,measurements,orevenpersonalexperience.Thus,thesearestatementsoffact.Anopinioncannotbevalidated.Ifnovalidationcanbearrivedat,ifnorightorwrongcanbeestablished,thestatementisanopinion.eg:Catsaremorelovingthandogs.It’sbetterwheneatenhot.StatementsofOpinionKeepinmindthatanopinionisnotnecessarilyincorrect,butithasn’tbeenproved.Anopinionmayseemtrue,butifithasn’tyetbeenproved,itisanopinion.Statementsofopinionexpressanauthor’simpressions,beliefs,andjudgmentsaboutsomething.Thoseopinionscannotbejudgedtrueorfalse,rightorwrongbecausetheyarethatauthor’sindividualimpressionsaboutsomething.Thistruthgivesrisetothefamiliarstatement.“Youhavetherighttoyourownopinion.”eg:Fishingrelaxesyoubetterthansleeping.TorontoisthebestcitytovisitinNorthAmerica.Thesesentencespresentstatementsofopinionaboutrealthings,buttheyarestillunverifiableopinions.RememberTheseGuidelinesInlastnight’sclass,Dr.JoanKaywellspokeonmethodsofteachingEnglish.(factoropinion?)1.Statementsdealingwithpersons,places,objects,occurrences,orprocessesthatexistordidexist,andthatcanhavetheirtruthorfalsityproved,arefacts.Factsoropinions?Three-hundredtwenty-seventeachersfromforty-nineschoolsattendedtheschool-boardmeeting.It’ssunnyoutside.2.Statementswhosetruthorfalsitycanbeprovedordisprovedarestatementsoffactevenwhentheycouldbeinerrorandprovedfalse.Afact,then,isnotalwaysaccurateorcorrect.Notenoughpeoplecareaboutthepoliticalsituationtoensureanychange.(factoropinion?)Theremarkmaybetrue,butitisopinionbecauseitcannotbeprovedbyobjectivemeans.Statementsofopinionareoftenpresentedinanauthoritativevoice—don’tbeconfused.Ifitcannotbeproved,itisstillopinionnomatterhowdefiniteitsounds.3.Statementsthatdealwithevaluations,attitudes,orprobabilitiesarestatementsofopinionbecausetheycannotbeprovedtrueoffalse.Eventually,consumptionofwaterwillbestrictlyregulatedbythefederalgovernment.(factoropinion?)4.Statementsaboutfutureeventsareopinionevenwhenthoseeventsseemveryprobable.5.Statementsoffactoftenusemoreconcretewordsreferringtothings,events,ormeasurablecharacteristics.Wordssuchasblue,rock,bottle,tenyears,130poundsareallconcretewords.6.Statementsofopinionmayrelyonabstractwords.Abstractwordsrefertothingsthatcan’tbetouchedormeasured,suchasfaith,love,hope,courage,patriotism,health.Becausethesewordscannotbespecificallydefinedandlimited,peopleusethemtomeandifferentdegreesofthesamethings,oroftentomeansomethingcompletelydifferent.Asweallknow,thewordlovemaymeanonethingtoonepersonbutnotnecessarilythesamethingtoanother.7.Watchforcluewordsandphrasesinstatementsofopinion.Frequentlyyoucanspotvalue-judgmentwordssuchasgood,bad,unattractive,necessary,quality;oropinionphrasessuchasIbelieve,itappears,wesuggestinyourreading.Thesewordsandphrasesshouldtipyouofftothestrongprobabilitythatopinion,notfact,ispresent.UseanFtoidentifystatementsoffact,anOtoidentifystatementsofopinion.1.ThedrinkingageinFloridaistwenty–one2.IthinkthedrinkingageinCaliforniaistwenty-one.3.Theonlygoodreasonforgoingtocollegeistolearn.4.Forty-eightpercentofimmigrantschangedtheirnameswhentheycametothiscountry.5.BillCosbyisapositiverolemodelfortelevisionwatchers.6.FloridagetsconsiderablyhotterinJulythanCaliforniadoes,andthat’swhypeoplemovefromFloridatoCalifornia.7.Mydaughteroncesecretlykeptakittenhiddeninherbedroomfornearlythreeweeks.UseanFtoidentifystatementsoffact,anOtoidentifystatementsofopinion8.Hitchhikingisafrequentmethodoftravelingforcollegestudents.9.Thebestwaytoeatcoldchickenistodipitinmayonnaise.10.Anexpensivesuit,pairofshoes,shirt,andtiearenotalwaysappropriateforwork.11.Pollutionofvarioussortsaffectseveryoneinsomeway.12.Marigoldsareusuallygold-orangeandareenjoyedbyeveryone.13.SheishavingafiftiethbirthdayJanuary31andwillbeemotionallyupset.14.Timespentinthesun,tanning,causescancerbutnotineveryone.15.Atune-upwillcostyou﹩26atthecornerstationandwillmakeyourcarrunbetter.16.Christmasischaracterizedasatimewhenpeoplefeelbetter,butformanyitisthereverse.Readthisstory.Ithasfactsaboutwhatpeopleusedtothinkalongtimeago.TheEarthandtheSunLongagoamanwasthinkingaboutthesky.Hehadbeenwatchingthesunfordays.Hebegantoseeitinanewway.”Theearthisgoingaroundthesun,”hesaid.Atthattimemostpeoplethoughtthesunwentaroundtheearth.Theyt